Aspidoscelis inornatus

(Baird, 1859)

Little Striped Whiptail

G5Secure Found in 2 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
MediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.962003
Element CodeARACJ02210
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassReptilia
OrderSquamata
FamilyTeiidae
GenusAspidoscelis
Synonyms
Aspidoscelis inornata(Baird, 1858 [1859])Cnemidophorus inornatusBaird, 1858
Concept Reference
Sullivan, B. K., M. R. Douglas, J. M. Walker, J. E. Cordes, M. A. Davis, W. J. B. Anthonysamy, K. O. Sullivan, and M. E. Douglas. 2014. Conservation and management of polytypic species: The little striped whiptail complex (Aspidoscelis inornata) as a case study. Copeia 2014(3):519-529.
Taxonomic Comments
Sullivan et al. (2014) presented new data and reviewed the taxonomic difficulties in the A. inornata complex. They concluded that arizonae, pai, and gypsi do not warrant recognition as distinct species and instead included these taxa (as pattern classes that might be recognized as nonevolutionary subspecies) in A. inornata. They further determined that the nominal subspecies llanura and junipera are invalid taxa that should be subsumed within A. i. heptagramma. Crother (2017) follow Sullivan et al. (2014).

Crother et al. (2000, 2008) and Collins and Taggart (2002) regarded Aspidoscelis arizonae, A. gypsi, and A. pai as distinct species. Rosenblum and Harmon (2010) found little or no genetic differentiation of gypsi from dark-soil forms of A. inornata; accordingly, de Quieroz and Reeder (in Crother 2012) concluded that gypsi should be treated as a subspecies of A. inornata rather than as a distinct species.

See Walker et al. (1996) for information on variation in Chihuahua, Mexico; subspecies heptagrammus was judged as inadequately rediagnosed by Wright and Lowe (1993).

Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American "Cnemidophorus" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-08-14
Change Date1996-10-29
Edition Date2016-08-14
Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.
Threat ImpactMedium
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences81 - 300
Range Extent Comments
Under the taxonomic concepts of Sullivan et al. (2014), the range includes Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, and northern central Mexico (south to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi) (Wright and Lowe 1993).
Occurrences Comments
This species is represented by many subpopulations and locations (as defined by IUCN) (e.g., see map in Degenhardt et al. 1996).
Threat Impact Comments
In some areas of New Mexico, overgrazing, urbanization, and other anthropogenic sources of habitat loss or degradation have resulted in declines of this species (Degenhardt et al. 1996).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This is primarily a grassland species that also inhabits grassy areas of desert shrubland, chaparral, pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine woodland (Stebbins 2003); it occurs in areas with sandy, silty, or gravelly soil (Stebbins 2003), on flats and gentle slopes, including floodplains and prairie dog towns (see Degenhardt et al. 1996). Eggs are laid probably in a nest dug in soil or underground.

Reproduction

Clutch size is 1-5 (usually 2-3). May produce more than one clutch annually in most areas (only 1 at high elevations in central Arizona). In central Arizona, yearling females are not sexually mature, hatchlings appear in mid-August (Stevens 1983).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralGrassland/herbaceousDesertCropland/hedgerowSuburban/orchard
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
New MexicoS5Yes
Navajo NationS3Yes
TexasS5Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasHigh (continuing)
1.2 - Commercial & industrial areasHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingHigh (continuing)

Roadless Areas (2)
New Mexico (2)
AreaForestAcres
Goat SpringCibola National Forest5,755
Jefferies CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
References (22)
  1. Bartlett, R. D., and P. P. Bartlett. 1999a. A field guide to Texas reptiles & amphibians. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. xviii + 331 pp.
  2. Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.
  3. Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.
  4. Collins, J. T., and T. W. Taggart. 2002. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians, turtles, reptiles, & crocodilians. Fifth edition. Publication of The Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrence, Kansas. iv + 44 pp.
  5. Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1998. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.
  6. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php
  7. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.
  8. Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]
  9. Crother, B. I., J. Boundy, J. A. Campbell, K. de Queiroz, D. R. Frost, R. Highton, J. B. Iverson, P. A. Meylan, T. W. Reeder, M. E. Seidel, J. W. Sites, Jr., T. W. Taggart, S. G. Tilley, and D. B. Wake. 2000 [2001]. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 29. 82 pp.
  10. Crother, B. I., J. Boundy, J. A. Campbell, K. de Quieroz, D. Frost, D. M. Green, R. Highton, J. B. Iverson, R. W. McDiarmid, P. A. Meylan, T. W. Reeder, M. E. Seidel, J. W. Sites, Jr., S. G. Tilley, and D. B. Wake. 2003. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico: update. Herpetological Review 34:198-203.
  11. Degenhardt, W. G., C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. xix + 431 pp.
  12. Dixon, J. R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas. Second edition. Texas A & M University Press, College Station. 421 pp.
  13. Maslin, T. P., and D. M. Secoy. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus <i>Cnemidophorus</i> (Teiidae). Univ. Colorado Mus., Contrib. in Zoology No. 1. 60 pp.
  14. Reeder, T. W., C. J. Cole, and H. C. Dessauer. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of whiptail lizards of the genus <i>Cnemidophorus </i>(Squamata: Teiidae): a test of monophyly, reevaluation of karyotypic evolution, and review of hybrid origins. American Museum Novitates (3365):1-61.
  15. Rosenblum, E. B., and L. J. Harmon. 2010. "Same same but different": replicated ecological speciation at White Sands. Evolution 65:946-960.
  16. Stebbins, R. C. 1985a. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. xiv + 336 pp.
  17. Stebbins, R. C. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
  18. Stevens, T. P. 1983. Reproduction in an upper elevation population of <i>Cnemidophorus inornatus</i> (Reptilia, Teiidae). Southwest Nat. 28:9-20.
  19. Sullivan, B. K., M. R. Douglas, J. M. Walker, J. E. Cordes, M. A. Davis, W. J. B. Anthonysamy, K. O. Sullivan, and M. E. Douglas. 2014. Conservation and management of polytypic species: The little striped whiptail complex (<i>Aspidoscelis inornata</i>) as a case study. Copeia 2014(3):519-529.
  20. Uetz, P., P. Freed, R. Aguilar, F. Reyes, and J. Hošek (eds.). 2023. The Reptile Database. Online. Available: http://www.reptile-database.org
  21. Wright, J. W., and C. H. Lowe. 1993. Synopsis of the subspecies of the little striped whiptail lizard, <i>Cnemidophorus inornatus</i> Baird. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27:129-157.
  22. Wright, J. W., and L. J. Vitt. 1993. Biology of whiptail lizards (genus <i>Cnemidophorus</i>). Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma.