Hesperocyparis forbesii

(Jeps.) Bartel

Tecate Cypress

G2Imperiled Found in 4 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
VulnerableIUCN
HighThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131138
Element CodePGCUP040C0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
IUCNVulnerable
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumConiferophyta
ClassPinopsida
OrderPinales
FamilyCupressaceae
GenusHesperocyparis
Synonyms
Callitropsis forbesii(Jeps.) D.P. LittleCupressus forbesiiJepsonCupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii(Jepson) Little
Other Common Names
tecate cypress (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Hesperocyparis forbesii (syn. Cupressus forbesii) is treated as a species by Kartesz (1994 and 1999) and Adams et al. (2009), but as a variety of Cupressus guadalupensis by Little (1971) and FNA (1993).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2016-05-04
Change Date1989-05-02
Edition Date2016-05-04
Edition AuthorsOgle, Y. (1987), rev. C. Russell (1991), rev. D. Gries (1997), rev. R. Bittman 2006, rev. A. Treher and Bittman (2016)
Threat ImpactHigh
Range Extent5000-20,000 square km (about 2000-8000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Cupressus forbesii is known from a very narrow range in California and Northern Baja California, Mexico. There are about 22 occurrences in California and it is known to be extant in Mexico but the number of occurrences is uncertain. Wildfires, occurring more frequently than about 30-40 years, are the primary threat to the species as it impacts the ability of plants to mature and recruit new individuals in the population and at the same time has decreased the number of adults of sexual maturity. Occurrences are highly fragmented due to past declines.
Range Extent Comments
Occurs in California (Orange, Riverside and San Diego Counties) and Baja California, Mexico.
Occurrences Comments
Twenty-two occurrences are known but 12 are historic. More may be historic or extirpated now, and the CNDDB may not know. There are recent collection and reports from Baja California but the number of occurrences is unknown.
Threat Impact Comments
Threatened by frequent wildfires, drought, development, mining, livestock, and roads. The species is adapted for fire at 30-40 year intervals that allow time for the species to mature and produce cones. The more frequent fires have reduced the number of mature individuals and areas where recruitment occurs (Rodriguez-Buritica 2010). Seedlings and young plants can be easily trampled by livestock. Historically, strip mining for underlying clay deposits has destroyed a portion of the Sierra Peak Tecate cypress grove (Esser 1994). Fragmented populations reduce the species ability to recruit new plants. Climate change is certainly a threat, especially as it increases the chances of severe drought.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Ravines, gulches and ridges on dry mountain slopes in chaparral where the Silverado soil formation is exposed (calcareous), closed-cone coniferous forest.

Ecology

Species is fire dependent, on fire intervals of 30-40 years. Fire allows for cones to open. Otherwise the cones require a longer, dry period to open (Rodriguez-Buritica et al. 2010).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - ConiferShrubland/chaparral
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
3 - Energy production & miningUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
4 - Transportation & service corridorsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
4.1 - Roads & railroadsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
7.1.1 - Increase in fire frequency/intensityLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
11.2 - DroughtsUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Long-lived, EVERGREEN
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (4)
California (4)
AreaForestAcres
Eagle PeakCleveland National Forest6,481
No NameCleveland National Forest4,897
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
Sill HillCleveland National Forest5,294
References (6)
  1. Adams, R.P., J.A. Bartel, and R.A. Price. 2009. A new genus, <i>Hesperocyparis</i>, for the Cypresses of the Western Hemisphere (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 91(1):160-185.
  2. Esser, L.L. 1994. Hesperocyparis forbesii. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online].  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,  Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).  Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2016, May 4].
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1993a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xvi + 475 pp.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  5. Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agriculture Handbook No. 541. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 375 pp.
  6. Rodriguez-Buritica, S., K. Suding, and K. Preston. 2010. Final Santa Ana Mountains Tecate Cypress (<i>Cupressus forbesii</i>) Management Plan. California Department of Fish and Game, San Diego, California.