Habitat
Moist to wet, often open, habitats on gentle slopes (5-30 degrees), including open bogs and fens, moist open meadows, seeps/springs, and riparian wetlands, usually overlying serpentine or peridotite rock formations. Commonly associated species include Darlingtonia californica, Helenium biglovei, Rhododendron occidentalis, and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. In serpentine Darlingtonia bogs and fens (which can be either hillslope fens or hanging fens located above the larger rivers and streams), other associated species include Gentiana setigera, Viola occidentalis, Castilleja miniata ssp. elata, Narthesium californica, Sanguisorba microcephala, Rudbeckia californica, and Tolfieldia glutinosa. In shrubby riparian habitats (which can be either along small streams or along the larger creeks and rivers), there is a greater coverage of Rhododendron occidentalis and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana than in many other locations. Other associated species include Cyprepidium californicum, Carex mendocinensis and Umbellaria californica. < 240 m.