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Home/Species/ Large Twayblade

Liparis liliifolia

(L.) L.C. Rich. ex Ker-Gawl.

Large Twayblade

G5Secure Found in 28 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
LowThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149011
Element CodePMORC1M030
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
CITESAppendix II
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderOrchidales
FamilyOrchidaceae
GenusLiparis
Synonyms
Liparis lilifolia(L.) Richard
Other Common Names
Brown Wide-lip Orchid (EN) brown widelip orchid (EN) Liparis à feuilles de lis (FR)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2024-06-21
Change Date1984-04-09
Edition Date2024-06-21
Edition AuthorsA. Olivero (2002), rev. C. Nordman (2024).
Threat ImpactLow
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
Large Twayblade (Liparis liliifolia) is widespread in the eastern United States and southern Ontario. It prefers lightly shaded areas and occurs in a variety of habitats including successional forests and floodplains. Although it is rare at the edges of its range, it is scattered throughout the central portion of its range.
Range Extent Comments
Large Twayblade (Liparis liliifolia) occurs in eastern North America, in southeastern Canada, in Quebec and Ontario, and in the eastern United States from New Hampshire to Georgia west to Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Range extent was estimated to be 2.0 million square kilometers, using herbarium specimens and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2002, GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium records and photo-based observations documented between 1993 and 2024, it is estimated that there are more than 300 occurrences of Large Twayblade (Liparis liliifolia), rangewide (GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024, SEINet 2024). Although it is rare at the edges of its range, populations are scattered, and it is considered common throughout the central portion of its range (Luer 1975, Homoya 1993, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Threat Impact Comments
Somewhat threatened by land-use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and forest management practices (probably does not persist in private, commercial forests) (Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project 2002). Liparis liliifolia may be threatened by reforestation as it seems to decline with increasing shade (Rhode Island Special Plant Abstract).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Large Twayblade (Liparis liliifolia) occurs in mature mesic to moist or floodplain deciduous forests, pine woods, growing in rich moist humus, and often colonizes previously open, disturbed habitats during early and middle stages of reforestation, at elevations of 3 - 1500 meters or 10 - 4900 feet (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2002, SEINet 2024, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2024).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/Woodland
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5
ProvinceRankNative
GeorgiaS3Yes
MinnesotaSNRYes
IowaS3Yes
TennesseeSNRYes
West VirginiaS5Yes
IndianaSNRYes
District of ColumbiaSNRYes
VermontS1Yes
ConnecticutS1Yes
KentuckyS4Yes
MissouriSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
Rhode IslandS1Yes
New JerseyS3Yes
MichiganS3Yes
OklahomaS1Yes
MarylandS3Yes
ArkansasSNRYes
VirginiaS5Yes
North CarolinaS3Yes
South CarolinaS1Yes
MississippiSNRYes
AlabamaS1Yes
PennsylvaniaS5Yes
IllinoisS3Yes
DelawareS2Yes
New YorkS1Yes
OhioSNRYes
MassachusettsS2Yes
CanadaN2
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecS1Yes
OntarioS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasSmall (1-10%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2.2 - Wood & pulp plantationsRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

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Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (28)
Arkansas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Clifty CanyonOzark-St. Francis National Forest1,963
Dismal CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest9,160
Georgia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Lance CreekChattahoochee National Forest9,025
Illinois (3)
AreaForestAcres
Bay CreekShawnee National Forest120
Burke BranchShawnee National Forest6,231
Ripple HollowShawnee National Forest3,788
Kentucky (1)
AreaForestAcres
WolfpenDaniel Boone National Forest2,835
Missouri (2)
AreaForestAcres
Spring Creek Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest4,899
Swan Creek Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest7,310
North Carolina (6)
AreaForestAcres
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Dobson KnobPisgah National Forest6,111
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Pond Pine BCroatan National Forest2,961
Sheep Ridge AdditionCroatan National Forest5,808
Tennessee (2)
AreaForestAcres
Big Laurel Branch AdditionCherokee National Forest5,577
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Virginia (8)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Broad RunJefferson National Forest10,971
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
Mountain Lake Addition AJefferson National Forest1,469
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Ramseys Draft AdditionGeorge Washington National Forest12,781
SkidmoreGeorge Washington National Forest5,641
West Virginia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
References (11)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  2. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).
  3. Homoya, M.A. 1993. Orchids of Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 281 pp.
  4. iNaturalist. 2024. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2024).
  5. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  6. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  7. Luer, C.A. 1975. The native orchids of the United States and Canada excluding Florida. New York Botanical Garden. 361 pp.
  8. Sheviak, C. 1974. An introduction to the ecology of the Illinois Orchidaceae. Illinios State Museum, Springfield, IL. 89p.
  9. Southern Appalachian Species Viability Project. 2002. A partnership between the U.S. Forest Service-Region 8, Natural Heritage Programs in the Southeast, NatureServe, and independent scientists to develop and review data on 1300+ regionally and locally rare species in the Southern Appalachian and Alabama region. Database (Access 97) provided to the U.S. Forest Service by NatureServe, Durham, North Carolina.
  10. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2024. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2024).
  11. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.