Pyrgulopsis glandulosa

Hershler, 1988

Verde Rim Springsnail

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 3 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
VulnerableIUCN
Very high - highThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.118711
Element CodeIMGASJ0180
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryInvertebrate Animal
IUCNVulnerable
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
OrderLittorinimorpha
FamilyHydrobiidae
GenusPyrgulopsis
Synonyms
Pyrgulopsis glandulosusHershler, 1988
Concept Reference
Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, P. M. Mikkelsen, R. J. Neves, C. F. E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J. D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland. 526 pp.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2022-01-04
Change Date1999-09-14
Edition Date2022-01-04
Edition AuthorsCordeiro, J. (2011), C. Flower (2022)
Threat ImpactVery high - high
Range Extent<100 square km (less than about 40 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
This endemic species has a very limited distribution, very narrow environmental specificity, and numerous threats impacting at least part of the population.
Range Extent Comments
This species is found in the Verde Rim area, Yavapai County, central Arizona, USA. It is known from the Nelson Place Spring complex and the BeeHouse/Sycamore Creek Spring, as well as the Hutch Springs (Arizona Natural Heritage Program 2022).
Occurrences Comments
The Arizona Heritage Data Management System currently has two mapped occurrences of this species: Nelson Place Spring/BeeHouse/Sycamore Creek Spring, and Hutch Springs, Yavapai County, Arizona (Arizona Natural Heritage Program 2022).
Threat Impact Comments
Habitat loss or degradation, reduced spring flow and surface waters, and competition or predation by aquatic invasive species may impact springsnail and aquatic insect populations. Activities on Tonto National Forest that may affect aquatic invertebrate habitat include: springhead modification development, diversion of groundwater and surface flows, trampling and sedimentation from livestock overgrazing, user-created hiking trails, and off-trail OHV use (Arizona Natural Heritage Program 2022). Contamination from past mining activity is not considered to be a threat to this species. Post-wildfire impacts are also of less concern at these locations due to the topography of both main springs. However, Hutch Springs was probably previously impacted by wildfire and therefore the Arizona Heritage Data Management System regards wildfire as an ongoing threat (future wildfires are of concern across the state of Arizona) (Arizona Natural Heritage Program 2022).

More detailed information from 2021/2022 from per. comm. with Jeff Sorensen (Arizona Game and Fish Department, AZGFD) in 02/09/2022 email to C. Flower, AZGFD: "I've not seen any mining activity at either Hutch Springs or Nelson Place Spring locations, and don't believe that is a stressor to be concerned with currently. No pollution from past mining either. I'm now less concerned about post-wildfire impacts from erosion and flood scour at these locations. The topography of both main springs are protected from flood scour and erosion deposition. The Pine Fire in 2019 did not affect the Nelson Place Spring drainage sites. I believe that Hutch Springs was previously impacted by the Cave Creek Complex Fire or one of those big burns in the early 2000s (I don't recall the year, but it was after the Rodeo-Chediski Fire). Hutch Springs habitat is in good shape with a robust population."
Ecology & Habitat

Description

See original description is Hershler (1988).

Habitat

Pyrgulopsis snails are endemic to springs, seeps, and cienega habitats. (Arizona (AZ) Heritage Data Management System (HDMS) Species Abstract, accessed by C. Flower, Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD), 01/04/2022).
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
ArizonaS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2.3.2 - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farmingRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
6 - Human intrusions & disturbanceRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
6.1 - Recreational activitiesRestricted (11-30%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsPervasive - largeModerate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionPervasive - largeModerate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
7.2 - Dams & water management/usePervasive (71-100%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
7.2.4 - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)Pervasive - largeSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
7.2.8 - Abstraction of ground water (unknown use)Pervasive - largeSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesPervasive - largeSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesPervasive - largeSerious - moderateHigh (continuing)
9 - PollutionNegligible (<1%)Negligible or <1% pop. declineInsignificant/negligible or past

Roadless Areas (3)
Arizona (3)
AreaForestAcres
Arnold MesaPrescott National Forest12,286
Pine Mountain Wilderness ContiguousPrescott National Forest3,129
Pine Mountain Wilderness ContiguousTonto National Forest6,518
References (5)
  1. Arizona Natural Heritage Program, Heritage Data Management System (AZ HDMS). No Date. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Sabra Tonn – HDMS Program Coordinator. 5000 W. Carefree Hwy Phoenix, AZ. https://www.azgfd.com/wildlife/heritagefund/
  2. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropods) of the United States and Canada. Considered and approved by the Gastropods Names Subcommittee December 2020. Online: https://molluskconservation.org/MServices_Names-Gastropods.html
  3. Hershler, R. and J.J. Landye. 1988. Arizona Hydrobiidae (Prosobranchia: Rissoacea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 459: 1-58.
  4. Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, P. M. Mikkelsen, R. J. Neves, C. F. E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J. D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland. 526 pp.
  5. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2023. National Listing Workplan. Online. Available: https://www.fws.gov/project/national-listing-workplan