Stenanthium leimanthoides

(Gray) Zomlefer & Judd

Pinebarrens Death-Camas

G2Imperiled Found in 5 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
HighThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1014111
Element CodePMLIL1W060
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderLiliales
FamilyMelanthiaceae
GenusStenanthium
Synonyms
Zigadenus leimanthoidesGray
Concept Reference
Sorrie, B.A., and A.S. Weakley. 2017. Stenanthium leimanthoides and S. densum (Melanthiaceae) revisited, with the description of two new species.  J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 11(2): 275-286.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for a narrow treatment of Stenanthium leimanthoides as recognized in Weakley et al. (2025) "with a peculiar and disjunct range, occurring on the Coastal Plain of se. NY (Long Island), NJ, and DE, in the mountains from WV and VA south through w. NC to ne. GA." The treatment in Weakley et al. recognizes S. densum, S. tennesseensis, and S. texanum as distinct from S. leimanthoides. The treatment of Zigadenus leimanthoides in Kartesz (1994, 1999) includes plants from Texas east to Georgia and Florida, north to West Virginia and in Delaware, New Jersey, and New York and includes Tennessee and Texas plants in Z. densus. The treatment in FNA (2002, vol. 26) did not distinguish Z. leimantoides from Z. densus.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2022-11-03
Change Date2022-11-03
Edition Date2022-11-03
Edition AuthorsEberly (2022), rev. SE RSGCN Workshop (2022)
Threat ImpactHigh
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Stenanthium leimanthoides occurs in the eastern United States. It has a disjunct geographic range including the Coastal Plain of southeastern New York, New Jersey, and Delaware and the mountains from West Virginia and Virginia south to western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia. The species is rare across its range and there are 6 extirpated and an additional 32 historical occurrences that are largely in highly developed areas of the coast that are most likely extirpated. This species continues to be threatened by habitat degradation and loss.
Range Extent Comments
Stenanthium leimanthoides occurs in the eastern United States. It has a disjunct geographic range including the Atlantic Coastal Plain of southeastern New York, New Jersey, and Delaware and the mountains from West Virginia and Virginia south to western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia (Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2022). Range extent was estimated with GeoCAT using NatureServe Network occurrence data, excluding extirpated and possibly extirpated occurrences (NatureServe 2022, Bachman et al. 2011).
Threat Impact Comments
On the Coastal Plain, this species is threatened by habitat succession and habitat loss. The only known site in Maryland is threatened by mining.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species occurs on rock outcrops, shrub balds, seepage areas at high elevations in the mountains and at lower elevations on the Coastal Plain in fens, bogs (Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2022).
Terrestrial Habitats
Shrubland/chaparralBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
Bog/fen
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
West VirginiaSNRYes
New YorkS1Yes
DelawareSNRYes
MarylandSNRYes
VirginiaS1Yes
North CarolinaS1Yes
New JerseyS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentLarge (31-70%)Extreme or 71-100% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
3 - Energy production & miningSmall (1-10%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
3.2 - Mining & quarryingSmall (1-10%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.2.1 - Unspecified speciesLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (5)
North Carolina (4)
AreaForestAcres
Harper CreekPisgah National Forest7,325
Linville Gorge AdditionPisgah National Forest2,809
Lost CovePisgah National Forest5,944
Wilson CreekPisgah National Forest4,863
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
References (9)
  1. Dodds, J.S. 2023. <i>Stenanthium leimanthoides</i> Rare Plant Profile. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, State Parks, Forests & Historic Sites, State Forest Fire Service & Forestry, Office of Natural Lands Management, New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Trenton, NJ. 19 pp. [https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/natural/heritage/docs/stenanthium-leimanthoides-pine-barrens-death-camas.pdf]
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  5. Sorrie, B.A., and A.S. Weakley. 2017. <i>Stenanthium leimanthoides</i> and <i>S. densum</i> (Melanthiaceae) revisited, with the description of two new species.  J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 11(2): 275-286.
  6. Southeastern Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need Workshop (SE RSGCN Workshop). 2022. Jon Ambrose, Keith Bradley, Malissa Briggler, John Burkhart, Emily Coffey, Todd Crabtree, Amanda Eberly, Margie Dent, Chris Doffitt, Bruce Hoagland, Amy Jenkins, Wesley Knapp, Stephanie Koontz, Lisa Kruse, David Lincicome, Gemma Milly, Sarah Norris, Carrie Radcliffe, Hanna Rosner-Katz, Al Schotz, Jason Singhurst, Diana Soteropoulos, Carlee Steppe, Samantha Tessel, John Townsend, Alan Weakley, Brenda Wichmann, and Theo Witsell. Status assessment workshop, Oct. 17-20, 2022, Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, GA.
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2022. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of April 24, 2022. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2022 pp.
  8. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2025. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. Edition of February 18, 2025. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Online. Available: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu (accessed 2025).
  9. Zomlefer, W.B. and W.S. Judd. 2002. Resurrection of segregates of the polyphyletic genus <i>Zigadenus</i> s.l. (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) and resulting new combinations. Novon 12(2): 299-308.