Astragalus lemmonii

A. Gray

Lemmon's Milkvetch

G2Imperiled Found in 2 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
HighThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143087
Element CodePDFAB0F4N0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderFabales
FamilyFabaceae
GenusAstragalus
Other Common Names
Lemmon's milkvetch (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2025-02-24
Change Date2010-02-25
Edition Date2025-02-24
Edition AuthorsBroaddus, Lynn, rev. A. Tomaino and R. Bittman (2010), rev. N. Ventrella (2025)
Threat ImpactHigh
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Astragalus lemmonii is a perennial forb occurring in Great Basin scrub in seasonal wetlands, alkali meadows, and flats along streams and lakeshores of the western United States in northeastern California, south-central Oregon, and Nevada on the eastern side of the Cascade-Sierrian axis. The report from Nevada is from a single, likely historical herbarium collection from Washoe County, which needs verification. There are an estimated 23 occurrences of this species, which are threatened by grazing and trampling by livestock, off-road vehicles, invasive species, development, rights-of-way maintenance, climate change and drought, and (potentially) wildfire. The largest known population (of over 41,000 plants) occurs in Oregon in the Fremont-Winema National Forest in a relatively small area of less than fourteen square kilometers.
Range Extent Comments
Astragalus lemmonii occurs in the western United States in northeastern California, south-central Oregon, and in Washoe County, Nevada on the eastern side of the Cascade-Sierrian axis (Dean 2022, Calflora 2025, NatureServe 2025, OSU 2025). Range extent was estimated using herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and California Natural Diversity Database occurrence data (RARECAT 2024, CNDDB 2025, CPNWH 2025, iNaturalist 2025, SEINet 2025).
Occurrences Comments
By applying a 1 km separation distance to herbarium specimens, photo-based observations, and California Natural Diversity Database occurrence data, it is estimated that there are 23 occurrences rangewide (RARECAT 2024, CNDDB 2025, CPNWH 2025, iNaturalist 2025, SEINet 2025). In Nevada, the single known occurrence from Washoe County may be historical and has not been observed since before 2000 (though the exact date is unknown) (NatureServe 2025).
Threat Impact Comments
Astragalus lemmonii is threatened by grazing and trampling by livestock, off-road vehicles, invasive species, development, and rights-of-way maintenance (CNDDB 2025). One occurrence in California is threatened by development and fencing associated with a fish hatchery, and in Nevada, the single occurrence is threatened by expansion of residential development (NNHP 2001, CNDDB 2025). This species occupies mesic habitats in Great Basin shrub, often along creeks, lake margins, and wet places in meadows, and it is susceptible to changes to hydrology or water availability. Climate change and associated drought conditions are a concern for Astragalus lemmonii (ONHP 2013, Dean 2022). In Oregon, plants occur in seasonal wetlands in drier eastern regions of the state, where this species is considered highly vulnerable to changes to precipitation regimes (ONHP 2013). Wildfire and associated weed invasion into habitat following fire is a threat to the closely-related Astragalus mulfordiae, another rare perennial species that does not reproduce clonally, and could also be a threat to A. lemmonii (Mancuso 1999, Dean 2022).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Astragalus lemmonii forms colonies in moist, but often summer-dry, meadows and rushy flats along stream and lake shores (Barneby 1964). Plants are also found in sandy alkaline soils in Great Basin scrub (Dean 2022). Associated species in California include Artemisia tridentata, A. cana, Ericameria nauseosa, Senecio hydrophilus, Juncus balticus, Carex praegracilis, Elymus triticoides, and Distichlis spicata.

Reproduction

Flowers are produced from May to July (OSU 2025).
Terrestrial Habitats
Shrubland/chaparralGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
HERBACEOUS WETLANDBog/fenRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
CaliforniaS2Yes
OregonS1Yes
NevadaS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentSmall (1-10%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
1.1 - Housing & urban areasSmall (1-10%)UnknownUnknown
1.2 - Commercial & industrial areasSmall (1-10%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2.3.4 - Scale unknown/unrecordedRestricted (11-30%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
4 - Transportation & service corridorsSmall (1-10%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
4.2 - Utility & service linesSmall (1-10%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1 - Fire & fire suppressionUnknownUnknownUnknown
7.1.1 - Increase in fire frequency/intensityUnknownUnknownUnknown
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
8.1.1 - Unspecified speciesSmall (1-10%)Moderate - slightHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherPervasive (71-100%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)
11.2 - DroughtsPervasive (71-100%)Serious - moderateHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Short-lived
Economic Value (Genus)Yes
Roadless Areas (2)
California (2)
AreaForestAcres
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
SherwinInyo National Forest3,140
References (17)
  1. Barneby, R.C. 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus. 2 Vols. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 1188 pp.
  2. CalFlora. 2025. Information on California plants for education, research and conservation. Berkeley, California: The CalFlora Database [web application]. Available: http://www.calflora.org/. (Accessed 2025).
  3. California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2010. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants. California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. Online. Available: http://www.cnps.org/inventory (accessed 2010).
  4. California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). 2010. RareFind Version 3.1.0 with dataset 1/4/2010 downloaded from http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/rf_ftpinfo.asp. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento.
  5. California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB). 2025. RareFind Version 5.3.0. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento.
  6. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria (CPNWH). 2025. Online database of vascular plant specimens from the Pacific Northwest. Online. Available: http://www.pnwherbaria.org/index.php (accessed 2025).
  7. Dean, E. A. 2022. March 5th last update. Species Account: <i>Astragalus lemmonii</i> A. Gray (Lemoon's milkvetch). California Native Plant Society. Online. Available: <a href="https://rareplantfiles.cnps.org/scc/AstragalusLemmoniiSpAcctSCC20220505.pdf">rareplantfiles.cnps.org/scc/AstragalusLemmoniiSpAcctSCC20220505.pdf</a> (Accessed 2025).
  8. iNaturalist. 2025. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2025).
  9. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  10. Mancuso, M. 1999. A review of Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford's milkvetch) in Idaho, and results of field investigations in the Owyhee Front and Boise Foothills. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Natural Resource Policy Bureau. Boise, ID. Prepared for Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation through Section 6 funding from U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1, and Lower Snake River District, Bureau of Land Management.
  11. NatureServe. 2025. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.
  12. NatureServe's Rapid Analysis of Rarity and Endangerment Conservation Assessment Tool (RARECAT). 2024. Version: 1.1.1 (released Oct 01, 2024).
  13. Nevada Natural Heritage Program (NNHP). 2001. Element Subnational Ranking Form:<i> Astragalus lemmonii</i> in Biotics 5 database. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia (accessed 24 Feb 2025).
  14. Oregon Natural Heritage Program (ONHP). 2013. Element Subnational Ranking Form: Astragalus lemmonii in Biotics 5 database. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia (accessed 24 Feb 2025).
  15. Oregon State University (OSU). 2025. Oregon Flora website. Oregon State University Herbarium at Oregon State University. Online. Available: https://oregonflora.org/ (accessed 2025).
  16. Soltani, E., Benakashani, F., Baskin, J.M. and C.C Baskin. 2021. Reproductive biology, ecological life history/demography and genetic diversity of the megagenus <i>Astragalus</i> (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae). The Botanical Review, 87<i>: </i>55-106.
  17. Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet). 2025. Collections Databases. Online. Available: https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/collections/index.php (accessed 2025).