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Crataegus coccinioides

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Kansas Hawthorn

GNRUnranked Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
GNRUnrankedGlobal Rank
High - mediumThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.943851
Element CodePDROS0HC00
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderRosales
FamilyRosaceae
GenusCrataegus
Other Common Names
Aubépine dilatée (FR)
Concept Reference
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2014b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 9. Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 713 pp.
Taxonomic Comments
This record is for the broad treatment of Crataegus coccinioides, including C. dilatata, a taxon recognized as distinct by Kartesz (1994, 1999). FNA (vol. 9, 2014) and Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team (2024) narrow the concept of Crataegus coccinioides to exclude C. dilatata.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Edition Date2024-06-21
Edition AuthorsEberly (2024)
Threat ImpactHigh - medium
Range Extent200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Crataegus coccinioides is a small tree that occurs in the midwestern and eastern United States and southeastern Canada where there are infrequent reports throughout its relatively large range. This species is moderately and possibly highly threatened across its range due to disease but also the conversion of habitat for other land uses. More information on the distribution, abundance, and threats are needed to better understand the extinction risk of this species. Herbarium work is needed to confirm identification of specimens.
Range Extent Comments
Crataegus coccinioides occurs in the United States and Canada including the southwestern Midwest, New England, and southern Ontario and Quebec.
Occurrences Comments
There are limited data available to assess this species; many occurrences are not georeferenced and it is possibly undercollected due to real and perceived taxonomic challenges in Crataegus. It occurs sporadically in the western portion of it range but is more common in the northeastern United States (Lance 2014).
Threat Impact Comments
Like most Crataegus, this species is susceptible to blight and fungal rusts which can cause stem cankers and dieback, as well as inhibit seed production. Fungal rusts are especially problematic when the alternate host, Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) (Lance 2014). This species is also threatened by densification/mesofication of open woodland habitat (Nowacki and Abrams 2008) and conversion of natural woodlands to human uses.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species grows in at the edges of woodlands, brushy or shrubby area, successional fields, and pastures at elevations of 0 to 300 m (FNA 2014). In the west it is often found along streams and in rocky calcareous woods (Lance 2014).
Terrestrial Habitats
Woodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralOld field
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN2
ProvinceRankNative
QuebecSNRYes
OntarioS2Yes
United StatesN3
ProvinceRankNative
OklahomaSNRYes
OhioSNRYes
New YorkS1Yes
MassachusettsSNRYes
MissouriSNRYes
VermontSNRYes
KentuckySNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
PennsylvaniaSUYes
West VirginiaSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
KansasS1Yes
IndianaSNRYes
ArkansasSNRYes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
1 - Residential & commercial developmentLarge - restrictedExtreme or 71-100% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
2 - Agriculture & aquacultureUnknownUnknownHigh (continuing)
7 - Natural system modificationsLarge (31-70%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
7.3 - Other ecosystem modificationsLarge (31-70%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.4 - Problematic species/diseases of unknown originLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.4.1 - Unspecified speciesLarge (31-70%)Moderate or 11-30% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

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Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Long-lived
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Arkansas (1)
AreaForestAcres
East ForkOzark-St. Francis National Forest13,037
References (7)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2014b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 9. Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 713 pp.
  2. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  4. Lance, R. 2014. Haws: A Guide to Hawthorns of the Southeastern United States. Ron Lance, Mills River, NC, 518 pp.
  5. Nowacki, G.J., and M.D. Abrams. 2008. The Demise of Fire and “Mesophication” of Forests in the Eastern United States. BioScience 58(2):123-138.
  6. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, PLANTS Database [USDA PLANTS]. http://plants.usda.gov/. Accessed 2015.
  7. Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States. Edition of March 4, 2024. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2203 pp.