Delphinium robustum

Rydb.

Wahatoya Creek Larkspur

G2Imperiled (G2G3) Found in 2 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145897
Element CodePDRAN0B1K0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderRanunculales
FamilyRanunculaceae
GenusDelphinium
Other Common Names
Wahatoya Creek larkspur (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
Delphinium robustum is treated as a distinct species by some treatments such as Flora North America vol. 3 (1997) and Kartesz (1999), but in other treatments like Weber and Whitman (2012) it is not distinct from D. ramosum. In New Mexico, it is morphologically similar to D. saponellis (Sivinski 2011), however, B. Sinvinski (pers.comm. 2015) indicated that it is a relatively good taxon and that all of the tall larkspurs in New Mexico are confusing. As of 2015 the Colorado Natural Heritage Program considers this a distinct taxon until genetic work is done to show otherwise.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodLegacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x
Review Date2015-12-03
Change Date2015-12-03
Edition Date2015-12-03
Edition AuthorsSpackman, S. and D. Anderson (2000), rev. A. Olivero (2003), rev. L. Oliver (2015)
Range Extent5000-20,000 square km (about 2000-8000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
Found in broad canyon bottoms and meadows in southern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico. In 1998 when an attempt to survey the known locations of the species in Colorado were conducted, only 3 of the 9 locations were extant (Beatty et al. 2004). In 2015, several new occurrences were discovered in Colorado and botanists believe that there might be more undiscovered localities. This species faces several threats including construction, recreation, roads and their maintenance, non-native species and other threats related to its biology such as inadequate pollinators. It is considered sporadically distributed in the northern mountain ranges in New Mexico (Sivinski 2011).
Range Extent Comments
Colorado: local, in canyon bottoms of Spanish Peaks, Cuchara Valley, and La Garita Hills, west side of San Luis Valley. New Mexico: three northeastern counties bordering Colorado.
Occurrences Comments
Beatty et al. (2004) reports that in 1998 all of the known sites in Colorado were revisited and no plants were found at 6 of the 9 known locations. Additionally, Beatty et al. (2004) note that no other inventory work was completed between 1998 and the previous 30 years when the species was discovered. As of 2015, however, several locations of this species were discovered in Priest Gulch by Colorado botanist Al Schneider. He believes that there are far more occurrences than what he discovered (pers. comm. J. Handwerk). It is considered sporadically distributed in northern New Mexico, however, it has not been systematically assessed (Sivinski 2011) and in 2015 it still wasn't systematically addressed but it is believed to be sufficient in numbers not to be endangered (pers. comm. E. Muldavin).
Threat Impact Comments
Threats to this species include vehicles, recreation, structure construction, road construction and maintenance, erosion and sedimentation from roads, livestock trampling, and alteration of natural disturbance such as fire (Beatty et al. 2004). Other threats exist such as drought, non-native species, herbivory, genetic isolation, hybridization, inadequate pollinators and climate change (Beatty et al. 2004). Some species of Delphinium are poisonous to cattle, so the genus as a whole is sometimes targeted for poisonous weed control (Sivinski 1999).
Ecology & Habitat

Description

Perennial herb 1-2 m tall; stems glabrous or puberulent, sometimes reddish at the base; leaves all on stem and withered from the basal 1/5 of the stem at the time of anthesis, petioles 7-13 cm long, blades 10-20 cm long and 7-12 cm wide, palmately divided into 5 main lobes, each lobe further dissected into additional lobes or teeth that are rounded at the apex or acute with a blunt tooth (mucro); inflorescence of racemes that are paniculately branched at the base in larger specimens, 40- to 100-flowered, branches and pedicels with short hairs; sepals ovate-acute, bluish purple or pale lavender, rarely pink, sparsely pubescent, lateral sepals forward pointing, 9-14 mm long, the upper sepal extended basally into a spur 9-13 mm long; petal blades hairy, cleft, 5-7 mm long (New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council 1999). Plants in Colorado have been observed to be 3 m or more tall (Colorado Natural Heritage Program 2012).

Diagnostic Characteristics

Delphinium ramosum is typically a shorter plant with pubescent lower stems and unbranched racemes (Sivinski 1999).

Habitat

In Colorado, it grows in broad canyon bottoms; in New Mexico, is found in meadows between 2100 and 2600 m elevation.
Canyon bottoms and aspen groves in lower and upper montane coniferous forest 2200-3400 m (7200-11200 ft) (Sivinski 1999)
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - HardwoodForest - MixedGrassland/herbaceous
Palustrine Habitats
SCRUB-SHRUB WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
New MexicoS2Yes
ColoradoS2Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (2)
New Mexico (2)
AreaForestAcres
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study AreaCarson National Forest43,739
Wheeler Peak WildernessCarson National Forest2,677
References (8)
  1. Beatty, B.L., W.F. Jennings, and R.C. Rawlinson (2004, July 26). Delphinium robustum Rydb. (Wahatoya Creek larkspur): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/delphiniumrobustum.pdf [Nov. 11, 2015].
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1997. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxiii + 590 pp.
  3. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  4. Martin, W.C., and C.R. Hutchins. 1980-1981. A flora of New Mexico. 1980, Vol. 1; 1981, Vol. 2. J. Cramer, in der A.R. Gantner Verlag, K.G., Vaduz, Liechtenstein. 2591 pp.
  5. New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council. 1999. New Mexico Rare Plants. Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Rare Plants Home Page. http://nmrareplants.unm.edu (Latest update: 30 March 2012).
  6. Sivinski, R. 2011. <i>Delphinium robustum</i>, New Mexico Rare Plants. Online at: http://nmrareplants.unm.edu/rarelist_single.php?SpeciesID=65 (accessed 11/11/15).
  7. Weber, W.A., and R.C. Wittmann. 1996a. Colorado flora: Eastern slope. Revised edition. Univ. Press of Colorado, Niwot, Colorado. 524 pp.
  8. Weber, W.A., and R.C. Wittmann. 2012b. Colorado Flora, Western Slope, a field guide to the vascular plants, fourth edition. Boulder, Colorado. 532 pp.