Descurainia kenheilii

Al-Shehbaz

Heil's Tansy-mustard

G2Imperiled Found in 2 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G2ImperiledGlobal Rank
UnknownThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.821121
Element CodePDBRA0X0B0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderCapparales
FamilyBrassicaceae
GenusDescurainia
Concept Reference
Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 2007. Descurainia kenheilii (Brassicaceae), A new species from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Harvard Papers in Botany 12(2): 395-396.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2022-09-22
Change Date2022-09-22
Edition Date2022-07-25
Edition AuthorsPanjabi, Susan Spackman (2011), rev. Treher (2021, 2022)
Threat ImpactUnknown
Range Extent1000-5000 square km (about 400-2000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences6 - 20
Rank Reasons
Descurainia kenheilii is endemic to southwestern Colorado (U.S.A.), where it is restricted to high elevations in San Juan Mountains. This inconspicuous, short-lived, perennial herb has an interesting story. It was described from a single depauperate specimen in 1997 and not relocated until 2021, when its description was revised and additional specimens were identified: moving this single site endemic to a regional endemic with 7-14 occurrences. The primary threat to this species is sheep grazing which browse related species of Descurainia. The species habitat may be impacted by climate change through increased shrubby growth or unfavorable climatic conditions.
Range Extent Comments
Descurainia kenheilii is endemic to southwestern Colorado (U.S.A.), where it occurs in the San Juan Mountains (Al-Shehbaz 2007). Rediscovery of this species in 2021 led to a better understanding of its morphology, as the type specimen was depauperate. In turn, knowledge of the distribution improved and expanded to potentially include Conejos, Hinsdale, Mineral, Rio Grande, and San Juan Counties (O'Kane and Heil 2022). This species is reported in error from Archuleta County (J. Ackerfield, pers. comm., 2021, I. Al-Shehbaz, pers. comm., 2021, Ackerfield 2015, FNA 2010). Descurainia kenheilii is likely endemic to high elevations in the San Juan Mountains, where Descurainia incana is found in the region at lower elevations, comparatively (O'Kane and Heil 2022). Range extent was calculated at 1,618 sq km based on specimens identified as D. kenheilii (O'Kane and Heil 2022).
Occurrences Comments
For many years, this species was known only from a depauperate type specimen collected in 1997. In 2021, the species was rediscovered and description revised, leading to additional collections being annotated as Descurainia kenheilii (O'Kane and Heil 2022). There are now 14 element occurrences in the Colorado Natural Heritage Program database, however, 7 are based on specimens awaiting final verification of their identity. Five have not been observed in over 20 years (CNHP 2022).
Threat Impact Comments
There is sheep grazing and recreational activities at the type location. Other species of Descurainia at the site are grazed (J. Ackerfield, pers. comm., 2021) and it is likely that Descurainia kenheilii would also be impacted by grazing. The impact of recreational activities is unknown, but it occurs near a gravel road used by off road vehicles (ORVs) and the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail. Alpine species may be particularly vulnerable to climate change which may result in increased shrubby growth or unfavorable climatic conditions.
Ecology & Habitat

Description

This species was originally described as a diminutive, short-lived perennial 0.1-0.15 dm tall, erect, simple or rarely few branched with yellowish flowers, sparsely pubescent throughout with dendritic trichomes. The basal and lowermost cauline leaves were described as pinnate, and oblanceolate in outline; racemes not elongated in fruit; fruiting pedicels erect to ascending (Al-Shehbaz 2007). The description was revised in 2022 (O'Kane and Heil) as follows: plants short-lived perennials (some biennial); eglandular; glabrescent to sparsely pubescent throughout with dendritic trichomes; stems several, branched from the base and nearly throughout, decumbent to erect; mostly 1.4–11 dm, but when dwarfed, as in the holotype, unbranched and as little as 0.1 dm. Leaves green basally; blade pinnate, oblanceolate to obovate in outline, lateral leaflets 2–5 per side, lateral leaflet lobes 2–4, pinnatifid, rounded. Cauline leaves subsessile, blade smaller distally, distal lobes narrower, surfaces sparsely pubescent to glabrescent. Sepals ascending, yellowish, ovate, 1–1.4 mm, pubescent; petals light yellow, narrowly oblanceolate, 1–1.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm; racemes moderately to strongly elongated in fruit except not elongated in dwarfed plants as in the holotype; fruits somewhat torulose; fruiting pedicels ascending to erect, not appressed to the stem (O’Kane and Heil 2022).

Diagnostic Characteristics

Descuraina incana is biennial; mainly branched in the distal half of the stem (vs. basally); stems single, erect (vs. branched and decumbent to erect); leaves withered and deciduous basally (vs. green basally); growing from low to high elevations (vs. above 3150 m); ovules 4-8 per ovary (vs. 6-22), fruits nearly smooth to torulose (vs. torulose), fruiting pedicels ascending to erect (vs. divergent to ascending), fruits erect, often nearly appressed to the stems (vs. not at all appressed) (O'Kane and Heil 2022). Descuraina kenheilii is distinguished from D. torulosa, by having glabrous (vs. sparsely pubescent) fruit valves and styles, prominently veined (vs. veinless) septa, 4-8 (vs. 10-18) seeds and ovules per fruit, uniseriate (vs. biseriate) seeds, straight (vs. curved outward) and non-appressed (vs. basally appressed) fruits 1.0-1.3 (vs. 0.6-0.8) mm wide, and not elongated (vs. considerably elongated) fruiting racemes (Al-Shehbaz 2007).

Habitat

This species occurs in alpine tundra, talus slopes, and rock outcrops on an andesite porphyry and rhyolite tuff substrate in both undisturbed and disturbed areas; plants are taller and more robust where well-watered and with little competition (Al-Shehbaz 2007, O'Kane and Heil 2022). Associated species include Carex spp., Salix spp., Geum rossii var. turbinatum, Castilleja occidentalis, Castilleja rhexifolia var. rhexifolia, Deschampsia cespitosa, Mimulus guttatus, Heracleum, Epilobium leptocarpum and Alopecurus aequalis (CNHP 2022).
Terrestrial Habitats
AlpineTundraBare rock/talus/scree
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
ColoradoS2Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
2 - Agriculture & aquaculturePervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
2.3 - Livestock farming & ranchingPervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
2.3.4 - Scale unknown/unrecordedPervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
11 - Climate change & severe weatherPervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)
11.1 - Habitat shifting & alterationPervasive (71-100%)UnknownHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL, Short-lived
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (2)
Colorado (2)
AreaForestAcres
Bristol HeadRio Grande NF46,087
Pole Mountain / Finger MesaRio Grande NF43,863
References (7)
  1. Ackerfield, J. 2015. Flora of Colorado. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, TX. 818 pp.
  2. Ackerfield, Jennifer. Personal Communication. Head Curator of Natural History Collections, Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO.
  3. Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 2007. <i>Descurainia kenheilii</i> (Brassicaceae), A new species from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Harvard Papers in Botany 12(2): 395-396.
  4. Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. Personal Communication. Senior Curator Emeritus. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO.
  5. Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP). 2022. Biodiversity Tracking and Conservation System (Biotics 5). Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
  6. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2010. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 7. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. xxii + 797 pp.
  7. O’Kane, S.L., and K.D. Heil. 2022. <i>Descurainia kenheilii </i>(Brassicaceae): Revised description and new records from Colorado. Phytologia 104(2): 4-7.