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Echinacea paradoxa

(J.B.S. Norton) Britt.

Bush's Purple Coneflower

G3Vulnerable Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G3VulnerableGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.144400
Element CodePDAST38050
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single nation
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderAsterales
FamilyAsteraceae
GenusEchinacea
Other Common Names
Bush's purple coneflower (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Taxonomic Comments
This species is generally accepted (e.g., Kartesz 1994 and 1999, FNA 2006c, Weakley and Southeastern Flora Team 2023) with two taxonomic varieties recognized (McGregor 1968, FNA 2006c). They are morphologically very closely related, but are easily distinguished by ray color, yellow for var. paradoxa and pink for var. neglecta.
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2016-02-17
Change Date2016-02-17
Edition Date2016-02-17
Edition AuthorsK. McKeown (1999), rev. L. Morse (2000), rev. A. Treher (2016, 2024)
Range Extent20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences21 - 80
Rank Reasons
Echinacea paradoxa is a perennial herb of the south central United States with two varieties that are narrow range endemics of Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and historically, Texas. See each variety for information on rarity, threats and trends.
Range Extent Comments
Echinacea paradoxa occurs in the south central United States where there are two recognized varieties: Echinacea var. paradoxa occurs in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri and Arkansas, and it potentially occurs in eastern Oklahoma, in the south central United States and E. paradoxa var. neglecta occurs in the Arbuckle Mountains of southeastern Oklahoma (Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2023).
Occurrences Comments
Global element occurrence estimate is based on pool of occurrences for both varieties, see each variety for additional information.
Threat Impact Comments
See each variety for information on threats.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species occurs in savannas, glades, limestone outcroppings, prairie remnants and open wooded hillsides in partial to full sun. See each variety for additional information.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandSavannaGrassland/herbaceousBare rock/talus/scree
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN2
ProvinceRankNative
TexasSNRYes
OklahomaS1Yes
ArkansasS2Yes
MissouriSNRYes
Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Missouri (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big Creek Rare II Study AreaMark Twain National Forest9,277
References (5)
  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2006c. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 21. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxii + 616 pp.
  2. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  3. McGregor, R.L. 1968. The taxonomy of the genus Echinacea (Compositae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 48(4): 113-142.
  4. McKeown, K.A. 1999. A review of the taxonomy of the genus <i>Echinacea</i>. Pages 482-489 in: J. Janick (ed.). Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.
  5. McKeown, Kathleen A. North Carolina State University.