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Ardea herodias

Linnaeus, 1758

Great Blue Heron

G5Secure Found in 367 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Ryan Sanderson; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library.
© Ryan Sanderson; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Steve Wickliffe; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library.
© Steve Wickliffe; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Matt Felperin; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library.
© Matt Felperin; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Carlos Navarro; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library.
© Carlos Navarro; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Ryan Justice; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library.
© Ryan Justice; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Janet Hix; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library.
© Janet Hix; Cornell Lab of Ornithology | Macaulay Library
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100203
Element CodeABNGA04010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPelecaniformes
FamilyArdeidae
GenusArdea
COSEWICPS:SC
Other Common Names
Garza Morena (ES) Grand héron (FR) great blue heron (EN)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Includes great white heron, formerly considered a distinct species, A. occidentalis. Some authors consider A. herodias, A. cinerea, and A. cocoi conspecific (AOU 1983); the three constitute a superspecies (Butler 1992).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-06
Change Date1996-11-20
Edition Date2014-02-28
Edition AuthorsDuncan, J.
Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)
Number of Occurrences> 300
Rank Reasons
One of North America's most abundant wading bird.
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: southeastern Alaska and southern Canada to southern Mexico, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas and Anegada), islands off coastal Venezuela, and on Galapagos. NON-BREEDING: southeastern Alaska, central U.S., and southern New England south to northern South America (mainly to northern Colombia, northern Venezuela). In the U.S. in winter, the highest densities occur along the lower Colorado River, around the Great Salt Lake, and near Aransas National Wildlife Refuge on the Texas coast (Root 1988). Wanders widely outside usual range, a few times to Hawaii. Some subadults may spend summer in nonbreeding range.
Occurrences Comments
Estimate provided by NatureServe Explorer (2014).
Threat Impact Comments
In Illinois, a public viewing area used once a week by humans 229 m from a rookery did not cause any overt responses from nesting birds (DeMauro 1993). See Vos (1984) for information on response to human disturbance in Colorado.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Freshwater and brackish marshes, along lakes, rivers, bays, lagoons, ocean beaches, mangroves, fields, and meadows. Nests commonly high in trees in swamps and forested areas, less commonly in bushes, or on ground, rock ledges, and coastal cliffs. Often nests with other herons. See Spendelow and Patton (1988) for further details and discussion of geographic variation in nesting sites. Generally nests close to foraging habitat.

Ecology

Nonbreeding: usually solitary. May establish feeding territories in winter (Stiles and Skutch 1989).

Reproduction

Clutch size is 3-7, averages larger in north than in south. Incubation, by both sexes, lasts 25-29 days. Both parents tend young, which leave nest in 60-90 days. May breed at 2 years. Nests usually in colonies, a few pairs to 100s; sometimes solitary. Fledging success depends importantly on success of parents in providing sufficient food when nestlings are 2-6 weeks old (Bennett et al. 1995, Auk 112:201-209).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedGrassland/herbaceousOld field
Palustrine Habitats
TEMPORARY POOLHERBACEOUS WETLANDFORESTED WETLANDRiparian
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
ColoradoS3BYes
South CarolinaS5Yes
New HampshireS4BYes
ArkansasS3B,S4NYes
GeorgiaS4Yes
MaineS4BYes
PennsylvaniaS5B,S4N,S4MYes
Rhode IslandS2BYes
ConnecticutS4BYes
North DakotaSNRBYes
CaliforniaS4Yes
KansasS4Yes
New JerseyS3B,S4NYes
OregonS4Yes
District of ColumbiaS4NYes
West VirginiaS3B,S4NYes
North CarolinaS5B,S5NYes
TennesseeS4Yes
IowaS3BYes
LouisianaS5B,S5NYes
MontanaS3Yes
AlabamaS5Yes
MissouriS5Yes
IllinoisS4Yes
KentuckyS3B,S4NYes
OhioS4Yes
DelawareS3BYes
IdahoS4BYes
ArizonaS5Yes
WashingtonS4B,S5NYes
VirginiaS3B,S5NYes
AlaskaS3Yes
NevadaS5Yes
New YorkS5Yes
MassachusettsS4B,S5NYes
MarylandS4B,S3NYes
FloridaS5Yes
New MexicoS4B,S5NYes
IndianaS4BYes
TexasS5BYes
VermontS3BYes
Navajo NationS3Yes
WyomingS4BYes
OklahomaSNRYes
MichiganS5Yes
MississippiS5BYes
UtahS4Yes
MinnesotaSNRBYes
WisconsinS4BYes
South DakotaS4BYes
NebraskaS4Yes
CanadaN5B,N4N
ProvinceRankNative
AlbertaS3BYes
OntarioS4Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS2B,SUMYes
QuebecS5BYes
Nova ScotiaS4B,S4MYes
British ColumbiaS3Yes
Prince Edward IslandS4BYes
LabradorSNAYes
New BrunswickS4BYes
SaskatchewanS5BYes
ManitobaS5BYes
Roadless Areas (367)
Alaska (51)
AreaForestAcres
Bay of PillarsTongass National Forest27,492
Behm IslandsTongass National Forest4,777
Bering LakeChugach National Forest965,076
ChichagofTongass National Forest555,858
Chilkat-West Lynn CanalTongass National Forest199,772
Chugach-12Chugach National Forest8,116
Chugach-13Chugach National Forest13,337
Chugach-17Chugach National Forest19,954
College FiordChugach National Forest1,130,818
Copper River WetlandsChugach National Forest85,972
Douglas IslandTongass National Forest28,065
El CapitanTongass National Forest26,693
EudoraTongass National Forest195,022
Fidalgo-GravinaChugach National Forest257,968
Freshwater BayTongass National Forest44,933
Game CreekTongass National Forest54,469
GravinaTongass National Forest37,381
HyderTongass National Forest121,723
Juneau UrbanTongass National Forest101,581
Juneau-Skagway IcefieldTongass National Forest1,187,268
KartaTongass National Forest52,117
KogishTongass National Forest65,216
KosciuskoTongass National Forest64,134
LindenbergTongass National Forest25,855
MadanTongass National Forest68,553
Mansfield PeninsulaTongass National Forest54,991
Nellie JuanChugach National Forest713,697
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
North ClevelandTongass National Forest105,288
North KruzofTongass National Forest33,146
North RevillaTongass National Forest215,430
North WrangellTongass National Forest8,091
Pavlof-East PointTongass National Forest5,399
Point CravenTongass National Forest10,906
Port AlexanderTongass National Forest120,681
Prince William Sound Is.Chugach National Forest118,698
RedoubtTongass National Forest68,347
RevillaTongass National Forest29,298
RhineTongass National Forest23,010
SecurityTongass National Forest31,428
Sheridan GlacierChugach National Forest224,683
Sitka SoundTongass National Forest13,459
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
Soda BayTongass National Forest78,091
South KruzofTongass National Forest55,193
South KuiuTongass National Forest62,452
Taku-SnettishamTongass National Forest664,928
Tenakee RidgeTongass National Forest20,527
Upper SitukTongass National Forest16,789
Windham-Port HoughtonTongass National Forest161,952
Yakutat ForelandsTongass National Forest323,648
Arizona (13)
AreaForestAcres
Black CrossTonto National Forest5,966
Black River CanyonApache-Sitgreaves National Forests11,817
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Hell HoleApache-Sitgreaves National Forests15,512
Horse MesaTonto National Forest9,146
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
MuldoonPrescott National Forest5,821
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
Arkansas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Dismal CreekOzark-St. Francis National Forest9,160
Little BlakelyOuachita National Forest3,342
California (86)
AreaForestAcres
AgnewSequoia National Forest9,561
Arroyo SecoAngeles National Forest4,703
Barker ValleyCleveland National Forest11,940
Bear MountainLos Padres National Forest913
Birch CreekInyo National Forest28,816
Black CanyonInyo National Forest32,421
Bonanza KingShasta-Trinity National Forest16,402
Boundary Peak (CA)Inyo National Forest210,884
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
CamuesaLos Padres National Forest8,209
Carson - IcebergStanislaus National Forest56,430
ChannellSequoia National Forest45,429
ChicoSequoia National Forest39,836
Chips CreekLassen National Forest29,089
City CreekSan Bernardino National Forest9,997
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
Deep CreekSan Bernardino National Forest23,869
Devil GulchSierra National Forest30,490
Dexter CanyonInyo National Forest17,053
DiableLos Padres National Forest19,597
Dry LakesLos Padres National Forest17,043
Eagle PeakCleveland National Forest6,481
East YubaTahoe National Forest17,968
Ferguson RidgeSierra National Forest6,104
Fox MountainLos Padres National Forest52,072
Garcia MountainLos Padres National Forest7,850
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
Granite ChiefTahoe National Forest6,546
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
Hall Natural AreaInyo National Forest5,236
Horse Creek RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest8,969
HortonInyo National Forest5,717
KellySix Rivers National Forest5,195
Kings RiverSierra National Forest52,999
Lake EleanorShasta-Trinity National Forest397
Little French CShasta-Trinity National Forest11,529
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Malduce BuckhornLos Padres National Forest14,177
MatilijaLos Padres National Forest5,218
Middle YubaTahoe National Forest7,379
Mill CreekSequoia National Forest27,643
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
MonoLos Padres National Forest28,141
MosesSequoia National Forest22,077
Mt. JacksonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest20,721
Mt. RebaStanislaus National Forest3,869
NordhoffLos Padres National Forest12,031
North Fork American RiverTahoe National Forest38,495
North Fork SmithSix Rivers National Forest37,898
Orleans Mtn. BSix Rivers National Forest17,183
Orleans Mtn. CSix Rivers National Forest15,589
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
PantherShasta-Trinity National Forest12,016
ParsnipModoc National Forest8,485
Pleasant ViewAngeles National Forest26,395
PyramidEldorado National Forest24,347
Pyramid Peak BSan Bernardino National Forest7,194
Raymond PeakStanislaus National Forest3,646
Raymond PeakEldorado National Forest2,518
RinconSequoia National Forest54,610
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
San Gabriel AddAngeles National Forest2,527
San JoaquinSierra National Forest22,474
Santa CruzLos Padres National Forest21,182
Sespe - FrazierLos Padres National Forest106,910
Sheep MountainAngeles National Forest21,098
SinkardHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,004
Slate Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,299
South ForkShasta-Trinity National Forest16,786
Strawberry PeakAngeles National Forest7,245
SugarloafSan Bernardino National Forest8,206
Sycamore SpringsSierra National Forest10,015
TequepisLos Padres National Forest9,080
Timbered CraterLassen National Forest4,096
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
WaterhouseStanislaus National Forest4,394
WestforkAngeles National Forest4,407
White LedgeLos Padres National Forest18,632
Wild Cattle MtnLassen National Forest4,965
Wild Horse Mtn. (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,822
WildhorseCleveland National Forest1,483
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Colorado (6)
AreaForestAcres
Bristol HeadRio Grande NF46,087
Comanche Peak Adjacent AreaArapaho & Roosevelt NFs44,158
Dome PeakRoutt NF35,716
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Long ParkRoutt NF42,100
Red TableWhite River NF39,122
Florida (3)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Alexander Springs CreekOcala National Forest2,954
Farles PrairieOcala National Forest1,901
Georgia (1)
AreaForestAcres
Kelly RidgeChattahoochee National Forest8,325
Idaho (9)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
HoodooNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest153,868
Italian PeakCaribou-Targhee National Forest141,158
Lemhi RangeSalmon-Challis National Forest308,533
PalisadesCaribou-Targhee National Forest122,002
Peace RockBoise National Forest191,734
Pioneer MountainsSalmon-Challis National Forest172,460
Pioneer MountainsSawtooth National Forest119,563
SeceshPayette National Forest248,088
Montana (28)
AreaForestAcres
Alexander Creek #696Kootenai National Forest6,719
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLolo National Forest118,485
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLewis and Clark National Forest344,022
Bmss Ra 1485Flathead National Forest334,275
BridgerGallatin National Forest45,059
Buckhorn Ridge (MT)Kootenai National Forest34,716
Cabin Creek Wildlife Management Area OcdGallatin National Forest35,048
Cabinet Face East #671Kootenai National Forest50,326
Cube Iron - SilcoxLolo National Forest36,998
Freezeout MountainBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest97,305
HoodooLolo National Forest105,162
Italian PeakBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest90,401
Lebeau RA 1507Flathead National Forest5,450
LionheadGallatin National Forest33,549
Lolo CreekLolo National Forest14,335
MadisonGallatin National Forest127,859
Marston Face # 172Kootenai National Forest9,098
Mt. Gmt Area HCuster National Forest1,335
North AbsarokaGallatin National Forest159,075
North Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest52,227
O'Neil CreekBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest6,279
Patricks Knob - North CutoffLolo National Forest16,970
Scotchman Peaks (MT)Kootenai National Forest53,909
Selway - Bitterroot (01067)Bitterroot National Forest114,953
Snowcrest MountainBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest97,649
South Siegel - South CutoffLolo National Forest13,474
Tash PeakBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest61,312
West Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest133,563
Nevada (10)
AreaForestAcres
Bald Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest41,598
Black SpringHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,016
Moriah - Silver CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,582
Pearl PeakHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest71,405
QuinnHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest62,459
Rose - Whites CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,568
Ruby - Lamoille CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest32,771
ShellbackHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest36,455
Snake - MurphyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest27,064
South SchellHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest125,614
New Hampshire (8)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
WatervilleWhite Mountain National Forest4,312
New Mexico (10)
AreaForestAcres
Arroyo de los FrijolesSanta Fe National Forest5,277
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Frisco BoxGila National Forest38,979
Gila BoxGila National Forest23,759
Hell HoleGila National Forest19,553
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
Nichols ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest1,518
San Pedro ParksSanta Fe National Forest5,824
North Carolina (6)
AreaForestAcres
BearwallowPisgah National Forest4,113
Catfish Lake NorthCroatan National Forest11,299
Dobson KnobPisgah National Forest6,111
South Mills RiverPisgah National Forest8,588
Tusquitee BaldNantahala National Forest13,670
Woods MountainPisgah National Forest9,602
Oregon (33)
AreaForestAcres
BuckhornWallowa-Whitman National Forest17,180
EagleMt. Hood National Forest16,841
Flag CreekMalheur National Forest7,716
HellholeUmatilla National Forest65,679
Hurricane CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,606
Imnaha FaceWallowa-Whitman National Forest29,575
Jaussaud CorralUmatilla National Forest5,535
LarchMt. Hood National Forest12,961
Maiden PeakDeschutes National Forest26,432
Middle SantiamWillamette National Forest7,316
Mountain SheepWallowa-Whitman National Forest19,457
Mt. BaileyUmpqua National Forest18,401
Mt. Hood AdditionsMt. Hood National Forest13,061
Nipple ButteMalheur National Forest11,354
North Fork MalheurMalheur National Forest18,069
North KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests91,560
Roaring RiverMt. Hood National Forest27,316
Salmon - HuckleberryMt. Hood National Forest17,570
Shasta CostaSiskiyou National Forests14,420
Sky Lakes AWinema National Forest3,940
Snake RiverWallowa-Whitman National Forest31,229
TahkenitchSiuslaw National Forest5,799
TenmileSiuslaw National Forest10,818
Thirsty Creek AppendageUmpqua National Forest2,255
Twin LakesMt. Hood National Forest6,055
Twin MountainWallowa-Whitman National Forest58,533
Umpqua SpitSiuslaw National Forest2,090
W. BoundaryWinema National Forest2,345
WaldoDeschutes National Forest4,973
Waldo - LakeWillamette National Forest2,993
Walla Walla RiverUmatilla National Forest34,416
West - South BachelorDeschutes National Forest25,994
WoahinkSiuslaw National Forest5,309
Pennsylvania (2)
AreaForestAcres
CornplanterAllegheny National Forest2,929
Tracy RidgeAllegheny National Forest9,034
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Tennessee (2)
AreaForestAcres
Rogers RidgeCherokee National Forest4,738
Stone MountainCherokee National Forest5,367
Texas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Big WoodsNational Forests in Texas1,320
Utah (26)
AreaForestAcres
0401001Ashley National Forest11,705
0401002Ashley National Forest36,113
0401023Ashley National Forest8,352
0401024Ashley National Forest12,882
0401031Ashley National Forest7,110
0401032Ashley National Forest6,471
0401037Ashley National Forest1,166
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
418012Uinta National Forest25,758
418022Uinta National Forest17,289
418024Uinta National Forest51,699
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
418029Uinta National Forest15,673
Bunker CreekDixie National Forest7,474
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
Fishlake MountainFishlake National Forest25,217
HogsbackWasatch-Cache National Forest7,936
Little CreekFishlake National Forest11,479
Mt. AireWasatch-Cache National Forest9,681
Mt. OlympusWasatch-Cache National Forest9,982
Muddy Creek - Nelson Mt.Manti-Lasal National Forest59,034
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
Signal PeakFishlake National Forest30,889
South FrancisWasatch-Cache National Forest3,374
Stansbury MountainsWasatch-Cache National Forest39,696
WellsvilleWasatch-Cache National Forest1,717
Vermont (3)
AreaForestAcres
Bread LoafGreen Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,768
Devil's Den 09083Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests9,169
Griffith Lake 09084Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests1,833
Virginia (16)
AreaForestAcres
Adams PeakGeorge Washington National Forest7,135
Bear CreekJefferson National Forest18,274
Beards MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,505
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Garden MountainJefferson National Forest3,960
Hoop HoleJefferson National Forest4,652
Kelley MountainGeorge Washington National Forest7,590
New London Bridge BranchJefferson National Forest844
North Fork PoundJefferson National Forest4,757
North MountainJefferson National Forest8,377
Northern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest9,444
Oliver MountainGeorge Washington National Forest13,090
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Raccoon BranchJefferson National Forest4,388
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
Southern MassanuttenGeorge Washington National Forest11,985
Washington (26)
AreaForestAcres
Abercrombie - HooknoseColville National Forest33,862
Black CanyonOkanogan National Forest9,681
Boulder RiverMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest32,563
Dark DivideGifford Pinchot National Forest52,483
Dry Canyon BreaksColville National Forest4,821
EntiatWenatchee National Forest72,617
Glacier Peak JMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest26,482
Goat Rocks AdjWenatchee National Forest6,108
Grassy TopColville National Forest10,302
Grassy TopIdaho Panhandle National Forests13,485
Green MountainOlympic National Forest4,617
Higgins MountainMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest13,185
HorseshoeGifford Pinchot National Forest7,579
Jefferson RidgeOlympic National Forest6,512
Jupiter RidgeOlympic National Forest10,148
LightningOlympic National Forest7,179
ManastashWenatchee National Forest11,155
Mt. Baker Noisy - DiobsudMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest56,039
Mt. BaldyOlympic National Forest3,557
Mt. BonaparteOkanogan National Forest10,891
QuilceneOlympic National Forest18,656
Salmo - Priest BColville National Forest11,869
SawtoothOkanogan National Forest122,194
South QuinaultOlympic National Forest11,081
TaneumWenatchee National Forest26,140
Upper SkokomishOlympic National Forest9,311
West Virginia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Dolly Sods Roaring PlainMonongahela National Forest13,392
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Marlin MountainMonongahela National Forest9,344
Mcgowan MountainMonongahela National Forest10,504
Middle MountainMonongahela National Forest19,020
Tea Creek MountainMonongahela National Forest8,295
Wyoming (17)
AreaForestAcres
Cloud Peak ContiguousBighorn National Forest113,757
Grayback RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest295,113
Gros Ventre MountainsBridger-Teton National Forest106,418
Horse Creek MesaBighorn National Forest77,808
Middle ForkMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest13,238
Middle ForkShoshone National Forest51,772
Monument RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest17,720
Munger MountainBridger-Teton National Forest12,827
Pacific Creek - Blackrock CreekBridger-Teton National Forest24,658
PalisadesTarghee National Forest1,121
Phillips RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest10,108
Salt River RangeBridger-Teton National Forest235,661
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre RiverBridger-Teton National Forest166,097
Teton Corridor TrailheadsBridger-Teton National Forest286
West Slope TetonsTarghee National Forest47,448
West Slope WindsBridger-Teton National Forest143,252
Wilderness Study AreaTarghee National Forest51,961
References (37)
  1. Allen, H. 1991. The great blue heron. NorthWord Press, Inc. 175 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  3. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  4. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Butler, R.W. 1992. Great Blue Heron (<i>Ardea herodias</i>). In A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, editors, The Birds of North America, No. 25. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC.
  6. Castro, I. and A. Phillips. 1996. A guide to the birds of the Galapagos Islands. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
  7. DeMauro, M. M. 1993. Colonial nesting bird responses to visitor use at Lake Renwick heron rookery, Illinois. Natural Areas Journal 13:4-9.
  8. Dumas, J. V. 2000. Roseate Spoonbill (AJAIA AJAJA). No. 490 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
  9. Ehrlich, P. R., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1992. Birds in Jeopardy: the Imperiled and Extinct Birds of the United States and Canada, Including Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 259 pp.
  10. Fleury, B. E., and T. W. Sherry. 1995. Long-term population trends of colonial wading birds in the southern United States: the impact of crayfish aquaculture on Louisiana populations. Auk 112:613-632.
  11. Gerrard, J. M., et al. 1993. Water-bird population changes in 1976-1990 on Besnard Lake, Saskatchewan: increases in loons, gulls, and pelicans. Can. J. Zool. 71:1681-1686.
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