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Linnaea borealis

L.

Twinflower

G5Secure Found in 346 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.142213
Element CodePDCPR02010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassDicotyledoneae
OrderDipsacales
FamilyCaprifoliaceae
GenusLinnaea
Other Common Names
American Twinflower (EN) Linnée boréale (FR) twinflower (EN)
Concept Reference
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-05-16
Change Date1984-03-15
Edition Date2003-02-28
Edition AuthorsFellows, M.
Rank Reasons
Widespread in North America (not in southeast) in moist, often rocky woodlands, and occassionally on drier exposed sites.
Ecology & Habitat
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5
ProvinceRankNative
Island of NewfoundlandS5Yes
SaskatchewanS5Yes
Yukon TerritoryS5Yes
ManitobaS5Yes
Prince Edward IslandS5Yes
Nova ScotiaS5Yes
NunavutS3Yes
Northwest TerritoriesS5Yes
LabradorS5Yes
OntarioS5Yes
AlbertaS5Yes
New BrunswickS5Yes
QuebecSNRYes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
United StatesNNR
ProvinceRankNative
IdahoSNRYes
MontanaS5Yes
UtahSNRYes
New HampshireSNRYes
New MexicoSNRYes
ArizonaS1Yes
AlaskaSNRYes
TennesseeSXYes
PennsylvaniaS1Yes
New YorkSNRYes
OregonSNRYes
MassachusettsS3Yes
Rhode IslandSNRYes
IndianaSXYes
MaineSNRYes
West VirginiaS1Yes
New JerseySNRYes
VermontS5Yes
North DakotaS4Yes
WashingtonSNRYes
MinnesotaSNRYes
MichiganSNRYes
WyomingS4Yes
ColoradoS4Yes
OhioSXYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
IllinoisSNRYes
WisconsinSNRYes
South DakotaSNRYes
ConnecticutSNRYes
IowaS1Yes
Plant Characteristics
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (346)
Alaska (43)
AreaForestAcres
AaronTongass National Forest78,719
Behm IslandsTongass National Forest4,777
Boston BarChugach National Forest53,617
ChristovalTongass National Forest9,129
ClevelandTongass National Forest189,447
College FiordChugach National Forest1,130,818
Dall IslandTongass National Forest105,780
East MitkofTongass National Forest8,795
East WrangellTongass National Forest7,630
EudoraTongass National Forest195,022
Fidalgo-GravinaChugach National Forest257,968
Green RocksTongass National Forest11,093
HardingTongass National Forest174,349
Johnson PassChugach National Forest152,508
KartaTongass National Forest52,117
KekuTongass National Forest10,869
Kenai LakeChugach National Forest213,172
Kenai MountainsChugach National Forest306,600
KogishTongass National Forest65,216
KosciuskoTongass National Forest64,134
LindenbergTongass National Forest25,855
MadanTongass National Forest68,553
Nellie JuanChugach National Forest713,697
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
North ClevelandTongass National Forest105,288
North KruzofTongass National Forest33,146
North RevillaTongass National Forest215,430
North WrangellTongass National Forest8,091
Port AlexanderTongass National Forest120,681
QuartzTongass National Forest143,003
RedoubtTongass National Forest68,347
ResurrectionChugach National Forest224,615
RevillaTongass National Forest29,298
Roaded DonutChugach National Forest968
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
Soda BayTongass National Forest78,091
South KruzofTongass National Forest55,193
South KupreanofTongass National Forest216,816
South RevillaTongass National Forest52,105
SukkwanTongass National Forest44,369
Thorne RiverTongass National Forest72,983
TwelvemileTongass National Forest37,940
Twenty MileChugach National Forest198,775
California (32)
AreaForestAcres
Bell QuinbyShasta-Trinity National Forest11,556
Black ButteMendocino National Forest15,461
Blue Creek Rare ISix Rivers National Forest12,134
Bonanza KingShasta-Trinity National Forest16,402
Box CampKlamath National Forest858
Castle Crags AShasta-Trinity National Forest113
Castle Crags BShasta-Trinity National Forest1,619
ChinquapinShasta-Trinity National Forest22,040
Cow CreekShasta-Trinity National Forest22,627
East GirardShasta-Trinity National Forest27,894
GriderKlamath National Forest10,647
JohnsonKlamath National Forest10,652
KangarooKlamath National Forest40,617
Lake EleanorShasta-Trinity National Forest397
Middle ForkPlumas National Forest29,278
Monkey CreekSix Rivers National Forest9,017
Mt. EddyShasta-Trinity National Forest7,232
North Fork SmithSix Rivers National Forest37,898
Orleans Mtn.Klamath National Forest49,090
Orleans Mtn. BSix Rivers National Forest17,183
Orleans Mtn. CSix Rivers National Forest15,589
PattisonShasta-Trinity National Forest29,299
Pilot CreekSix Rivers National Forest9,192
PortugueseKlamath National Forest18,915
RussianKlamath National Forest21,771
ShacklefordKlamath National Forest1,679
Ship MountainSix Rivers National Forest11,936
SiskiyouKlamath National Forest54,039
Siskiyou BSix Rivers National Forest18,871
SnoozerKlamath National Forest23,414
Ukonom CreekKlamath National Forest4,621
West GirardShasta-Trinity National Forest37,516
Colorado (3)
AreaForestAcres
Comanche Peak Adjacent AreaArapaho & Roosevelt NFs44,158
Pole Mountain / Finger MesaRio Grande NF43,863
San MiguelSan Juan NF64,263
Idaho (8)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Bighorn - WeitasNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest254,845
HoodooNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest153,868
NeedlesPayette National Forest131,279
North Lochsa SlopeNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest117,662
Peace RockBoise National Forest191,734
SeceshPayette National Forest248,088
West Meadow CreekNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest115,949
Maine (1)
AreaForestAcres
Caribou - Speckled ExtWhite Mountain National Forest5,988
Minnesota (7)
AreaForestAcres
Baker - Homer - Brule LakesSuperior National Forest6,712
Brule Lake - Eagle MountainSuperior National Forest12,380
Cabin CreekSuperior National Forest6,071
Hegman LakesSuperior National Forest675
Kawishiwi Lake To SawbillSuperior National Forest15,305
Phantom LakeSuperior National Forest6,521
Tait LakeSuperior National Forest6,327
Montana (61)
AreaForestAcres
Allan Mountain (01946)Bitterroot National Forest104,184
Barren Creek #183Kootenai National Forest14,534
Basin CreekBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest9,500
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanHelena National Forest51,360
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLewis and Clark National Forest344,022
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLolo National Forest118,485
BeartoothGallatin National Forest5,285
Big BaldyLewis and Clark National Forest43,135
Big Snowy Mountains WsaLewis and Clark National Forest88,003
Bluff MountainLewis and Clark National Forest38,060
Bmss Ra 1485Flathead National Forest334,275
BridgerGallatin National Forest45,059
Buckhorn Ridge (MT)Kootenai National Forest34,716
Cabinet Face East #671Kootenai National Forest50,326
Cherry PeakLolo National Forest37,862
Chico PeakGallatin National Forest10,744
Deadhorse Ridge Ra 1128Flathead National Forest23,648
East PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest145,082
Electric PeakHelena National Forest27,872
Evans GulchLolo National Forest8,059
Flagstaff Mountain #690Kootenai National Forest11,114
Freezeout MountainBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest97,305
Gallatin FringeGallatin National Forest51,571
Gilt Edge - Silver CreekLolo National Forest10,055
Gold Hill West #176Kootenai National Forest15,079
Government Mountain #673Kootenai National Forest10,090
HoodooLolo National Forest105,162
Hyalite - Porcupine - Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study AreaGallatin National Forest143,991
Jerico MountainHelena National Forest8,445
Lazyman GulchHelena National Forest11,614
Lebeau RA 1507Flathead National Forest5,450
Lolo CreekLolo National Forest14,335
MadisonGallatin National Forest127,859
Maple PeakLolo National Forest6,469
Marshall PeakLolo National Forest9,069
Marston Face # 172Kootenai National Forest9,098
Mckay Creek #676Kootenai National Forest15,323
Middle Fork Judith WsaLewis and Clark National Forest81,131
Mt. BushnellLolo National Forest41,798
Mt. Hefty Ra 1481Flathead National Forest12,938
North AbsarokaGallatin National Forest159,075
North Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest52,227
Northwest PeaksKootenai National Forest15,358
Patricks Knob - North CutoffLolo National Forest16,970
Petty MountainLolo National Forest16,178
Republic MountainGallatin National Forest836
Roderick #684Kootenai National Forest29,677
SapphireBitterroot National Forest43,303
Scotchman Peaks (MT)Kootenai National Forest53,909
Selway - Bitterroot (01067)Bitterroot National Forest114,953
Sheep Mountain - StatelineLolo National Forest37,844
South Siegel - South CutoffLolo National Forest13,474
Standard Peak Ra 1129Flathead National Forest8,262
Stony MountainBitterroot National Forest44,057
Tenderfoot - Deep CreekLewis and Clark National Forest85,614
Thompson Seton RA 1483Flathead National Forest52,235
Trout CreekKootenai National Forest30,851
West Fork Yaak #694Kootenai National Forest8,237
West PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest248,631
Willard Estelle #173Kootenai National Forest3,714
Zulu #166Kootenai National Forest10,010
New Hampshire (12)
AreaForestAcres
Carr MountainWhite Mountain National Forest17,110
Dartmouth RangeWhite Mountain National Forest9,233
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
JobildunkWhite Mountain National Forest3,660
KearsargeWhite Mountain National Forest4,554
KilkennyWhite Mountain National Forest28,766
Kinsman MountainWhite Mountain National Forest8,999
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
New Mexico (3)
AreaForestAcres
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study AreaCarson National Forest43,739
PecosCarson National Forest13,436
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
Oregon (70)
AreaForestAcres
Badger CreekMt. Hood National Forest847
Bend WatershedDeschutes National Forest14,829
Boulder ParkWallowa-Whitman National Forest12,141
Brown Mt.Winema National Forest3,117
Bull Of The WoodsMt. Hood National Forest8,843
Bull Of The WoodsWillamette National Forest53
Bulldog RockUmpqua National Forest6,056
Bulldog RockWillamette National Forest559
Calf - Copeland CreekUmpqua National Forest15,696
Castle Rock AppendageUmpqua National Forest4,649
Cedar GroveMalheur National Forest114
Chucksney MountainWillamette National Forest15,369
Cook RidgeWallowa-Whitman National Forest19,617
CornpatchWillamette National Forest7,346
Dixie ButteMalheur National Forest12,208
EagleMt. Hood National Forest16,841
Echo MountainWillamette National Forest8,098
ElkhornWillamette National Forest9,380
FairviewUmpqua National Forest7,417
French Pete (a)Willamette National Forest1,668
French Pete (b)Willamette National Forest1,186
Glacier MountainMalheur National Forest20,661
Gold CreekWillamette National Forest1,364
Gordon MeadowsWillamette National Forest9,463
Grande RondeUmatilla National Forest12,296
Hardesty MountainWillamette National Forest3,754
Hardesty MountainUmpqua National Forest2,597
Hebo 1aSiuslaw National Forest13,930
HellholeUmatilla National Forest65,679
HuckleberryWallowa-Whitman National Forest11,238
Hurricane CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,606
Jaussaud CorralUmatilla National Forest5,535
Joseph CanyonWallowa-Whitman National Forest24,288
LakeMt. Hood National Forest1,327
LarchMt. Hood National Forest12,961
Limpy RockUmpqua National Forest6,782
Little CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest2,815
Little SheepWallowa-Whitman National Forest5,238
LookingglassUmatilla National Forest4,859
Maiden PeakWillamette National Forest9,627
Maiden PeakDeschutes National Forest26,432
Mclennon MountainWillamette National Forest8,085
Menagerie (rooster Rock)Willamette National Forest374
Middle SantiamWillamette National Forest7,316
Mill Creek Watershed (OR)Umatilla National Forest7,820
Mt. JeffersonDeschutes National Forest2,282
Mt. BaileyUmpqua National Forest18,401
Mt. Hood AdditionsMt. Hood National Forest13,061
Nipple ButteMalheur National Forest11,354
North KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests91,560
OlallieMt. Hood National Forest7,607
Opal CreekWillamette National Forest5,417
Roaring RiverMt. Hood National Forest27,316
Roaring RiverWillamette National Forest2,128
Salmon - HuckleberryMt. Hood National Forest17,570
Skimmerhorn AppendageUmpqua National Forest1,820
Sky Lakes AWinema National Forest3,940
South KalmiopsisSiskiyou National Forests104,477
Twin LakesMt. Hood National Forest6,055
Twin MountainWallowa-Whitman National Forest58,533
Upper Catherine CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest6,446
W. BoundaryWinema National Forest2,345
WaldoDeschutes National Forest4,973
Waldo - FujiWillamette National Forest15,273
Waldo - Many PrariesWillamette National Forest2,585
Waldo - MoolackWillamette National Forest1,183
Walla Walla RiverUmatilla National Forest34,416
West - South BachelorDeschutes National Forest25,994
Williams CreekUmpqua National Forest5,844
Wind CreekMt. Hood National Forest5,438
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Washington (84)
AreaForestAcres
Abercrombie - HooknoseColville National Forest33,862
Alpine Lakes Adj.Wenatchee National Forest57,104
Asotin CreekUmatilla National Forest16,433
BackboneGifford Pinchot National Forest1,201
Bald SnowColville National Forest23,198
BangsColville National Forest3,746
Bear CreekGifford Pinchot National Forest7,980
Big Lava BedGifford Pinchot National Forest19,043
Blue LakeGifford Pinchot National Forest11,359
Blue SlideWenatchee National Forest17,505
Bodie MountainColville National Forest2,467
Boulder RiverMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest32,563
BourbonGifford Pinchot National Forest4,512
Canyon CreekWenatchee National Forest7,983
Carlton RidgeGifford Pinchot National Forest2,190
ChelanWenatchee National Forest74,650
Clackamas MountainOkanogan National Forest12,478
Coal Creek BluffGifford Pinchot National Forest1,164
CortrightGifford Pinchot National Forest3,462
Cougar MountainColville National Forest4,525
Dark DivideGifford Pinchot National Forest52,483
Devils GulchWenatchee National Forest24,419
Dixon MountainGifford Pinchot National Forest6,339
Dry Canyon BreaksColville National Forest4,821
Eagle RockMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest34,064
EntiatWenatchee National Forest72,617
Glacier Peak BMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest19,328
Glacier Peak JMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest26,482
Glacier Peak KMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest47,269
Glacier Peak LMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest14,084
Goat Rocks AdjWenatchee National Forest6,108
Gotchen CreekGifford Pinchot National Forest7,518
Granite MountainOkanogan National Forest27,428
Grassy TopColville National Forest10,302
Grassy TopIdaho Panhandle National Forests13,485
Green MountainOlympic National Forest4,617
Harvey CreekColville National Forest10,140
Heather LakeWenatchee National Forest10,628
HorseshoeGifford Pinchot National Forest7,579
Hungry RidgeOkanogan National Forest8,708
Jackson CreekColville National Forest3,003
Jefferson RidgeOlympic National Forest6,512
Jupiter RidgeOlympic National Forest10,148
Laughing WaterGifford Pinchot National Forest1,167
Liberty BellOkanogan National Forest108,495
LightningOlympic National Forest7,179
Long SwampOkanogan National Forest66,344
Madison CreekOlympic National Forest1,223
ManastashWenatchee National Forest11,155
Meadow CreekUmatilla National Forest4,882
Mill Creek Watershed (WA)Umatilla National Forest16,747
Mt. Baker MaMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest24,847
Mt. Baker Noisy - DiobsudMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest56,039
Mt. Baker NorthMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest16,873
Mt. Baker WestMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest25,390
Mt. BaldyOlympic National Forest3,557
Mt. ZionOlympic National Forest3,544
Myrtle LakeWenatchee National Forest11,133
Nason RidgeWenatchee National Forest19,329
Norse PeakWenatchee National Forest10,169
Packwood LakeGifford Pinchot National Forest1,084
Pasayten RimOkanogan National Forest17,074
PompeyGifford Pinchot National Forest23,985
ProfanityColville National Forest28,944
QuartzWenatchee National Forest8,550
QuilceneOlympic National Forest18,656
Red LakeGifford Pinchot National Forest2,162
Red MountainGifford Pinchot National Forest2,992
Rock CreekWenatchee National Forest32,239
Salmo - Priest BColville National Forest11,869
SawtoothOkanogan National Forest122,194
SiouxonGifford Pinchot National Forest12,773
Stormy Mtn.Wenatchee National Forest32,612
TaneumWenatchee National Forest26,140
TeanawayWenatchee National Forest72,849
ThirteenmileColville National Forest12,294
Thorp Mtn.Wenatchee National Forest22,717
TiffanyOkanogan National Forest22,045
TumwaterGifford Pinchot National Forest8,676
Twin LakesWenatchee National Forest22,496
Upper SkokomishOlympic National Forest9,311
West AdamsGifford Pinchot National Forest2,238
White PassGifford Pinchot National Forest1,145
Willow SpringsUmatilla National Forest10,414
West Virginia (1)
AreaForestAcres
East Fork Of GreenbrierMonongahela National Forest7,167
Wisconsin (2)
AreaForestAcres
09012 - Round Lake Study AreaChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest3,707
09164 - Tea LakeChequamegon-Nicolet National Forest5,510
Wyoming (18)
AreaForestAcres
Beartooth Proposed WildernessShoshone National Forest16,837
Cloud Peak ContiguousBighorn National Forest113,757
Grommund CreekBighorn National Forest12,089
Gros Ventre MountainsBridger-Teton National Forest106,418
Horse Creek MesaBighorn National Forest77,808
Illinois CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest6,711
Laramie PeakMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest28,608
Little BighornBighorn National Forest133,949
Little Sheep MountainBridger-Teton National Forest14,192
Mosquito Lake - Seven LakesBridger-Teton National Forest51,950
Pacific Creek - Blackrock CreekBridger-Teton National Forest24,658
ReefShoshone National Forest16,817
Rock CreekBighorn National Forest48,657
Sibley LakeBighorn National Forest10,367
Solomon CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest5,756
South Beartooth HighwayShoshone National Forest105,570
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre RiverBridger-Teton National Forest166,097
West Slope WindsBridger-Teton National Forest143,252
References (2)
  1. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
  2. McGregor, R.L., coordinator, and T.M. Barkley, R.E. Brooks, and E.K. Schofield, eds.: Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Univ. Press Kansas, Lawrence. 1392 pp.