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Home/Species/ Bohemian Waxwing

Bombycilla garrulus

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Bohemian Waxwing

G5Secure Found in 38 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105570
Element CodeABPBN01010
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyBombycillidae
GenusBombycilla
Other Common Names
Jaseur boréal (FR)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-06
Change Date1996-12-03
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: in North America from western and northern Alaska east to Mackenzie Delta and south through Canada to central Washingon, northern Idaho, and northwestern Montana. In Eurasia from northern Scandinavia east across northern Russia to northern Siberia. NON-BREEDING: in North America from southeastern Alaska south through Canada, western U.S., wandering to southern California, northern Texas, New Jersey, and Newfoundland. In Eurasia from breeding range south to British Isles, central and southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, Iran, Turkestan, Mongolia, Manchuria, Ussuriland, Korea, Japan, and the Kurile Islands (AOU 1983).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Open coniferous or deciduous forest, muskeg and, less frequently, mixed coniferous-deciduous woodland; in migration and winter also open woodland, vineyards, suburban gardens, and parks (AOU 1983). BREEDING: Nests in trees, usually on outer horizontal limb, 1-15 m above ground (Terres 1980).

Ecology

Sometimes travels in cedar waxwing flocks.

Reproduction

Female incubates 4-6 eggs for ca. 14 days. Nestlings altricial. Young tended by both adults, leave the nest about 13-15 days after hatching (Terres 1980).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
Bog/fen
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
British ColumbiaS5Yes
LabradorS4N,SUMYes
ManitobaS3B,S4NYes
AlbertaS4B,S5NYes
New BrunswickS4NYes
Island of NewfoundlandS4N,SUMYes
OntarioS4B,S5NYes
Nova ScotiaS4NYes
NunavutSUBYes
Yukon TerritoryS4B,S3NYes
QuebecS4Yes
SaskatchewanS4B,S5MYes
Prince Edward IslandS4NYes
Northwest TerritoriesS5Yes
United StatesN5B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
WyomingS5NYes
WashingtonS5NYes
IowaS2NYes
OregonS4NYes
New YorkSNRNYes
MaineS3NYes
IdahoS4NYes
ColoradoS5Yes
North DakotaSNRNYes
South DakotaS4NYes
AlaskaS5BYes
New HampshireSNAYes
MinnesotaSNRNYes
WisconsinSNAYes
CaliforniaSNRNYes
KansasSNAYes
MassachusettsS1NYes
MontanaS5NYes
NebraskaSNRNYes
VermontS3NYes
UtahSNAYes
MichiganSNRNYes
Roadless Areas (38)
Alaska (5)
AreaForestAcres
College FiordChugach National Forest1,130,818
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
RedoubtTongass National Forest68,347
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
Tenakee RidgeTongass National Forest20,527
California (1)
AreaForestAcres
Mt. Shasta BShasta-Trinity National Forest2,809
Idaho (5)
AreaForestAcres
Borah PeakSalmon-Challis National Forest130,463
HoodooNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest153,868
PalisadesCaribou-Targhee National Forest122,002
Pioneer MountainsSalmon-Challis National Forest172,460
Pioneer MountainsSawtooth National Forest119,563
Montana (9)
AreaForestAcres
Big Snowy Mountains WsaLewis and Clark National Forest88,003
Bmss Ra 1485Flathead National Forest334,275
BridgerGallatin National Forest45,059
Cayuse MountainHelena National Forest20,146
East PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest145,082
North AbsarokaGallatin National Forest159,075
North AbsarokaCuster National Forest21,063
Silver KingBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest64,289
West Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest133,563
New Hampshire (2)
AreaForestAcres
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
Wild RiverWhite Mountain National Forest46,878
New Mexico (1)
AreaForestAcres
Arroyo de los FrijolesSanta Fe National Forest5,277
Oregon (2)
AreaForestAcres
HellholeUmatilla National Forest65,679
Hurricane CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,606
Utah (7)
AreaForestAcres
0401002Ashley National Forest36,113
0401024Ashley National Forest12,882
418016Uinta National Forest35,240
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
Lone Peak ContiguousWasatch-Cache National Forest874
Mt. Logan NorthWasatch-Cache National Forest18,930
WellsvilleWasatch-Cache National Forest1,717
Wyoming (6)
AreaForestAcres
Cloud Peak ContiguousBighorn National Forest113,757
Gros Ventre MountainsBridger-Teton National Forest106,418
PalisadesTarghee National Forest1,121
Rock CreekBighorn National Forest48,657
Sheep MountainMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest17,626
West Slope TetonsTarghee National Forest47,448
References (17)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.
  2. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  3. Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the piñon jay, <i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i>. Condor 73:287-302.
  4. Banks, R. C., and M. R. Browning. 1995. Comments on the status of revived old names for some North American birds. Auk 112:633-648.
  5. Godfrey, W.E. 1966. The birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada. Ottawa. 428 pp.
  6. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  7. Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird. Ecology 49:682-694.
  8. Johnson, S. R. and D. R. Herter. 1989. The Birds of the Beaufort Sea. BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Anchorage, Alaska. 372 pp.
  9. Ligon, J. D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico. Condor 73:147-153.
  10. Moore, W. S., and R. A. Dolbeer. 1989. The use of banding recovery data to estimate dispersal rates and gene flow in avian species: case studies in the Red-winged Blackbird and Common Grackle. Condor 91:242-253.
  11. National Geographic Society (NGS). 1983. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC.
  12. Oberholser, H.C. 1974. The bird life of Texas. 2 vols. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin.
  13. Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (<i>Cyanocitta cristata</i>). No. 469 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
  14. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  15. Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
  16. Williams, L. 1952b. Breeding behavior of the Brewer blackbird. Condor 54:3-47.
  17. Willson, M. F. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Yellow-headed Blackbird. Ecological Monographs 36:51-77.