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Home/Species/ Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Corthylio calendula

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

G5Secure Found in 328 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102517
Element CodeABPBJ05020
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyRegulidae
GenusCorthylio
Synonyms
Regulus calendula(Linnaeus, 1766)
Other Common Names
Reyezuelo de Rojo (ES) Roitelet à couronne rubis (FR) ruby-crowned kinglet (EN)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Taxonomic Comments
Formerly in family Muscicapidae; returned to Regulidae by AOU (1997). Formerly considered a subgenus of Regulus (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998), although previously treated as a genus (AOU 1931). Again considered a genus based on molecular data (Ingold et al. 1988, Päckert et al. 2009, Oliveros et al. 2019) that indicate that C. calendula is deeply divergent from other species in the Regulidae, a finding consistent with long-recognized morphological (Miller 1915, Clark 1974) and vocal (Becker 1978, Löhrl and Thaler 1980) differences (AOS 2021).
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-09
Change Date1996-12-03
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: Labrador east through Quebec, northern Manitoba, and northwestern Canada to Alaska, south to northern New England, northern Great Lakes region, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, New Mexico, Arizona, southern California. NON-BREEDING: Pacific states, British Columbia, and southern U.S. south through Mexico to Guatemala, also western Cuba and Bahamas.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Nests in coniferous forests and woodlands. In migration and winter it also inhabits deciduous woodlands, shrubs and thickets and may be found in old fields, gardens, yards and parks. BREEDING: Nests in coniferous trees (usually spruce), 1-30 m above ground. Nest usually hangs from stem or twig fork, occasionally it saddles a branch.

Ecology

Population declines occur after exceptionally cold winters. Seen in scattered groups in association with golden-crownd kinglets, nuthatches, chickadees, etc.

Reproduction

Clutch size 5-11 (usually 7-8). Incubation about 12 days, by female (Terres 1980). Altricial, downy nestlings tended by both parents. Young first fly at about 12 days.
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralOld fieldSuburban/orchard
Other Nations (2)
United StatesN5B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
IowaS5NYes
ArkansasS4NYes
IllinoisSNAYes
VirginiaSNRNYes
MaineS4N,S5BYes
New HampshireS4BYes
VermontS4BYes
West VirginiaS3NYes
ColoradoS5BYes
WisconsinS2BYes
FloridaSNRNYes
WashingtonS4B,S5NYes
New YorkS3BYes
Rhode IslandSNAYes
MassachusettsSXB,S5NYes
AlaskaS5BYes
ConnecticutSNAYes
PennsylvaniaS4NYes
IndianaSNAYes
MontanaS5BYes
North DakotaSNAYes
NebraskaSNRNYes
KansasSNAYes
South DakotaS4BYes
WyomingS5B,S5NYes
New MexicoS5B,S5NYes
MississippiS5NYes
MichiganS3Yes
North CarolinaS5NYes
TennesseeS4NYes
UtahS5Yes
IdahoS4Yes
Navajo NationS4Yes
CaliforniaSNRYes
AlabamaS5NYes
MarylandS3NYes
KentuckyS4NYes
OregonS4Yes
TexasS5Yes
OhioSNAYes
New JerseyS4NYes
GeorgiaS5Yes
DelawareSNAYes
LouisianaS5NYes
MinnesotaSNRBYes
NevadaS4B,S5NYes
MissouriSNRNYes
District of ColumbiaS4NYes
ArizonaS5Yes
OklahomaSNRNYes
South CarolinaS5Yes
CanadaN5B,N5N
ProvinceRankNative
Yukon TerritoryS5BYes
Northwest TerritoriesS5Yes
Island of NewfoundlandS5BYes
LabradorS5BYes
AlbertaS4BYes
New BrunswickS4BYes
SaskatchewanS5BYes
British ColumbiaS5Yes
QuebecS5BYes
NunavutSUBYes
OntarioS5B,S3NYes
Nova ScotiaS4B,S5MYes
Prince Edward IslandS3B,S5MYes
ManitobaS5BYes
Roadless Areas (328)
Alabama (1)
AreaForestAcres
Blue MountainTalladega National Forest4,986
Alaska (31)
AreaForestAcres
Boston BarChugach National Forest53,617
ChichagofTongass National Forest555,858
Chugach-12Chugach National Forest8,116
Chugach-13Chugach National Forest13,337
Copper River WetlandsChugach National Forest85,972
Douglas IslandTongass National Forest28,065
Fidalgo-GravinaChugach National Forest257,968
Freshwater BayTongass National Forest44,933
Hoonah SoundTongass National Forest79,764
HyderTongass National Forest121,723
Johnson PassChugach National Forest152,508
Juneau UrbanTongass National Forest101,581
Juneau-Skagway IcefieldTongass National Forest1,187,268
Kenai LakeChugach National Forest213,172
Kenai MountainsChugach National Forest306,600
LindenbergTongass National Forest25,855
MadanTongass National Forest68,553
North BaranofTongass National Forest314,089
North WrangellTongass National Forest8,091
RedoubtTongass National Forest68,347
ResurrectionChugach National Forest224,615
RhineTongass National Forest23,010
Roaded DonutChugach National Forest968
Sheridan GlacierChugach National Forest224,683
Sitka SoundTongass National Forest13,459
Sitka UrbanTongass National Forest112,003
Taku-SnettishamTongass National Forest664,928
Tenakee RidgeTongass National Forest20,527
Twenty MileChugach National Forest198,775
Upper SitukTongass National Forest16,789
Yakutat ForelandsTongass National Forest323,648
Arizona (17)
AreaForestAcres
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Lime CreekTonto National Forest42,568
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
Middle Dragoon RoadlessCoronado National Forest10,543
Middle Romero WSRCoronado National Forest60
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
Upper Rincon RoadlessCoronado National Forest2,991
Upper Romero WsrCoronado National Forest150
WhetstoneCoronado National Forest20,728
Arkansas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Little BlakelyOuachita National Forest3,342
California (89)
AreaForestAcres
AntimonyLos Padres National Forest40,911
Arroyo SecoAngeles National Forest4,703
Bear MountainLos Padres National Forest913
Black Mtn.Sequoia National Forest15,102
Cactus Springs BSan Bernardino National Forest3,106
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
CamuesaLos Padres National Forest8,209
Castle PeakTahoe National Forest14,974
Chalk PeakLos Padres National Forest7,472
ChannellSequoia National Forest45,429
ChicoSequoia National Forest39,836
City CreekSan Bernardino National Forest9,997
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Cucamonga AAngeles National Forest1,249
Cucamonga BSan Bernardino National Forest11,933
Cucamonga CSan Bernardino National Forest4,106
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
De La GuerraLos Padres National Forest5,418
Deep CreekSan Bernardino National Forest23,869
Dennison PeakSequoia National Forest6,293
Devil GulchSierra National Forest30,490
Domeland Add.Sequoia National Forest3,046
Dry LakesLos Padres National Forest17,043
Eagle PeakCleveland National Forest6,481
Ferguson RidgeSierra National Forest6,104
Fish CanyonAngeles National Forest29,886
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
Hall Natural AreaInyo National Forest5,236
Heart LakeLassen National Forest9,349
Hoover - Mt.olsenHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest624
Horse Creek RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest8,969
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
Horseshoe SpringsLos Padres National Forest14,089
JuncalLos Padres National Forest12,289
La BreaLos Padres National Forest14,031
LaddCleveland National Forest5,300
Little French CShasta-Trinity National Forest11,529
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Malduce BuckhornLos Padres National Forest14,177
MillModoc National Forest321
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
MosesSequoia National Forest22,077
Mt. OlsenInyo National Forest2,161
No NameCleveland National Forest4,897
NordhoffLos Padres National Forest12,031
North LakeInyo National Forest2,406
North MountainStanislaus National Forest7,856
Orleans Mtn. BSix Rivers National Forest17,183
Pine CreekCleveland National Forest503
Pleasant ViewAngeles National Forest26,395
Poison HoleEldorado National Forest2,627
PyramidEldorado National Forest24,347
QuatalLos Padres National Forest7,253
Raywood Flat BSan Bernardino National Forest11,373
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
Salt CreekAngeles National Forest11,022
San Gabriel AddAngeles National Forest2,527
San SevaineSan Bernardino National Forest6,866
Santa CruzLos Padres National Forest21,182
Sawmill - BadlandsLos Padres National Forest51,362
ScodiesSequoia National Forest725
Sespe - FrazierAngeles National Forest4,254
Sespe - FrazierLos Padres National Forest106,910
Sheep MountainAngeles National Forest21,098
Sill HillCleveland National Forest5,294
Slate Mtn.Sequoia National Forest12,299
Snow MountainMendocino National Forest14,457
South ForkShasta-Trinity National Forest16,786
South SierraInyo National Forest41,853
South SierraSequoia National Forest8,008
Strawberry PeakAngeles National Forest7,245
SugarloafSan Bernardino National Forest8,206
Table Mtn.Inyo National Forest4,215
Tepusquet PeakLos Padres National Forest5,821
TequepisLos Padres National Forest9,080
Timbered CraterLassen National Forest4,096
TinemahaInyo National Forest27,060
Tioga LakeInyo National Forest829
Trumbull PeakStanislaus National Forest6,164
TuleAngeles National Forest9,861
UnderwoodSix Rivers National Forest6,591
WaterhouseStanislaus National Forest4,394
WestforkAngeles National Forest4,407
Wild Horse Mtn. (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,822
WoodpeckerSequoia National Forest11,936
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Colorado (7)
AreaForestAcres
Dome PeakRoutt NF35,716
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Long ParkRoutt NF42,100
Pole Mountain / Finger MesaRio Grande NF43,863
Red TableWhite River NF39,122
San MiguelSan Juan NF64,263
Storm PeakSan Juan NF57,617
Georgia (4)
AreaForestAcres
Boggs CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,073
Cedar MountainChattahoochee National Forest1,083
Helton CreekChattahoochee National Forest2,348
Kelly RidgeChattahoochee National Forest8,325
Idaho (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
Borah PeakSalmon-Challis National Forest130,463
HoodooNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest153,868
Lemhi RangeSalmon-Challis National Forest308,533
PalisadesCaribou-Targhee National Forest122,002
Montana (24)
AreaForestAcres
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanHelena National Forest51,360
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLewis and Clark National Forest344,022
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - SwanLolo National Forest118,485
Big Snowy Mountains WsaLewis and Clark National Forest88,003
Bmss Ra 1485Flathead National Forest334,275
Cube Iron - SilcoxLolo National Forest36,998
East PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest145,082
Electric PeakHelena National Forest27,872
Evans GulchLolo National Forest8,059
FleecerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest31,585
Freezeout MountainBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest97,305
Jerico MountainHelena National Forest8,445
Lazyman GulchHelena National Forest11,614
Line Creek PlateauCuster National Forest24,825
MadisonGallatin National Forest127,859
Maple PeakLolo National Forest6,469
Middle Mtn. / Tobacco RootsBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest96,487
Mt. Gmt Area HCuster National Forest1,335
North AbsarokaGallatin National Forest159,075
Ogden MountainHelena National Forest12,148
QuiggLolo National Forest67,267
Red Lodge Creek HellroaringCuster National Forest17,210
Silver KingBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest64,289
West PioneerBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest248,631
Nevada (15)
AreaForestAcres
Angel Peak NorthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest12,577
Arc Dome - MahoganyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,208
Chineese Camp (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,207
Humboldt - SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest11,152
Pine Grove SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest88,945
PotosiHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,145
Rose - Alum CreekHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest853
Rose - EvansHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,782
Rose - GalenaHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest3,711
Rose - Hunter EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest54
Rose - Whites CanyonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest2,568
Ruby - ThompsonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,289
Snake - Peacock CynHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest1,069
South SchellHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest125,614
Table Mtn. - EastHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest87,789
New Hampshire (5)
AreaForestAcres
Great Gulf Ext.White Mountain National Forest15,110
PemigewassetWhite Mountain National Forest32,255
Pemigewasset ExtWhite Mountain National Forest15,840
Presidential - Dry River ExtWhite Mountain National Forest10,555
Sandwich RangeWhite Mountain National Forest16,797
New Mexico (21)
AreaForestAcres
Arroyo de los FrijolesSanta Fe National Forest5,277
Black CanyonSanta Fe National Forest1,922
Bull - Of - The - WoodsCarson National Forest488
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study AreaCarson National Forest43,739
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
Holy GhostSanta Fe National Forest2,352
Juan de Gabaldon GrantSanta Fe National Forest8,023
Latir PeakCarson National Forest3,573
Little TesuqueSanta Fe National Forest815
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
Nichols ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest1,518
Ortega PeakLincoln National Forest11,545
PecosCarson National Forest13,436
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
RendijaSanta Fe National Forest2,176
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
Tesuque CreekSanta Fe National Forest810
Thompson PeakSanta Fe National Forest33,001
West Face Sacramento MountainsLincoln National Forest41,176
North Carolina (4)
AreaForestAcres
Bald MountainPisgah National Forest11,085
Balsam ConePisgah National Forest10,591
Craggy MountainPisgah National Forest2,657
SnowbirdNantahala National Forest8,489
Oregon (16)
AreaForestAcres
BearwallowsDeschutes National Forest7,317
Hebo 1aSiuslaw National Forest13,930
HellholeUmatilla National Forest65,679
HellholeWallowa-Whitman National Forest487
Hurricane CreekWallowa-Whitman National Forest1,606
Little SheepWallowa-Whitman National Forest5,238
Marble PointWallowa-Whitman National Forest6,874
Mt. EmilyWallowa-Whitman National Forest8,421
Mt. JeffersonDeschutes National Forest2,282
North Mount EmilyWallowa-Whitman National Forest752
North Mt. EmilyUmatilla National Forest4,416
TahkenitchSiuslaw National Forest5,799
Twin MountainWallowa-Whitman National Forest58,533
Upper Grande RondeWallowa-Whitman National Forest11,723
Walla Walla RiverUmatilla National Forest34,416
West - South BachelorDeschutes National Forest25,994
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Tennessee (4)
AreaForestAcres
Brushy RidgeCherokee National Forest7,469
Devil's BackboneCherokee National Forest4,287
Sycamore CreekCherokee National Forest6,984
Upper Bald RiverCherokee National Forest9,202
Texas (2)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Little Lake CreekNational Forests in Texas596
Utah (37)
AreaForestAcres
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
418016Uinta National Forest35,240
418024Uinta National Forest51,699
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
418028Uinta National Forest34,002
418029Uinta National Forest15,673
418040Uinta National Forest1,702
Boulder MountainWasatch-Cache National Forest8,852
Boulder Mtn. / Boulder Top / Deer LakeDixie National Forest110,690
Box - Death HollowDixie National Forest3,175
Bunker CreekDixie National Forest7,474
Burch CreekWasatch-Cache National Forest6,938
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
FishhookDixie National Forest12,959
Fishlake MountainFishlake National Forest25,217
GibsonWasatch-Cache National Forest5,350
High Uintas (UT)Wasatch-Cache National Forest102,398
Hog RanchDixie National Forest17,130
LakesWasatch-Cache National Forest121,967
Lava BedsDixie National Forest14,944
Lewis PeakWasatch-Cache National Forest11,616
Lone Peak ContiguousWasatch-Cache National Forest874
Mahogany RangeWasatch-Cache National Forest11,409
Mt. AireWasatch-Cache National Forest9,681
Mt. Logan NorthWasatch-Cache National Forest18,930
Mt. Logan SouthWasatch-Cache National Forest17,014
Mt. Logan WestWasatch-Cache National Forest5,285
Mt. NaomiWasatch-Cache National Forest41,922
Mt. OlympusWasatch-Cache National Forest9,982
North FrancisWasatch-Cache National Forest8,148
Red Canyon NorthDixie National Forest9,973
Right Hand Fork LoganWasatch-Cache National Forest15,023
South FrancisWasatch-Cache National Forest3,374
Table Cliffs - Henderson CanyonDixie National Forest19,581
Temple PeakWasatch-Cache National Forest24,081
Twin PeaksWasatch-Cache National Forest6,157
White PineWasatch-Cache National Forest1,942
Virginia (6)
AreaForestAcres
Brush MountainJefferson National Forest6,002
Oak KnobGeorge Washington National Forest10,882
Peters Mountain Addition BJefferson National Forest2,909
Raccoon BranchJefferson National Forest4,388
Seng MountainJefferson National Forest6,428
Shawvers Run AdditionJefferson National Forest1,927
Washington (13)
AreaForestAcres
Black CanyonWenatchee National Forest176
Black CanyonOkanogan National Forest9,681
Devils GulchWenatchee National Forest24,419
Liberty BellOkanogan National Forest108,495
Meadow CreekUmatilla National Forest4,882
Mill Creek Watershed (WA)Umatilla National Forest16,747
Mt. Baker MaMt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest24,847
Mt. BonaparteOkanogan National Forest10,891
NaneumWenatchee National Forest4,508
Pasayten RimOkanogan National Forest17,074
QuilceneOlympic National Forest18,656
SawtoothOkanogan National Forest122,194
South QuinaultOlympic National Forest11,081
West Virginia (3)
AreaForestAcres
Cranberry AdditionMonongahela National Forest11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical AreaMonongahela National Forest785
Falls Of Hills CreekMonongahela National Forest6,925
Wyoming (22)
AreaForestAcres
0401036Ashley National Forest6,309
Beartooth Proposed WildernessShoshone National Forest16,837
Cloud Peak ContiguousBighorn National Forest113,757
French CreekMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest5,928
Gros Ventre MountainsBridger-Teton National Forest106,418
Leigh CreekBighorn National Forest19,180
Libby FlatsMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest11,107
Middle ForkShoshone National Forest51,772
Middle ForkMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest13,238
Mosquito Lake - Seven LakesBridger-Teton National Forest51,950
PalisadesTarghee National Forest1,121
Phillips RidgeBridger-Teton National Forest10,108
Piney CreekBighorn National Forest22,240
ReefShoshone National Forest16,817
Rock CreekBighorn National Forest48,657
Snowy RangeMedicine Bow-Routt National Forest29,660
South Beartooth HighwayShoshone National Forest105,570
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre RiverBridger-Teton National Forest166,097
Teton Corridor TrailheadsBridger-Teton National Forest286
West Slope TetonsTarghee National Forest47,448
West Slope WindsBridger-Teton National Forest143,252
Wilderness Study AreaTarghee National Forest51,961
References (25)
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  15. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
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  17. Pough, R.H. 1949. Audubon land bird guide, small land birds of eastern and central North America from southern Texas to central Greenland. Doubleday and Company, Incorporated, Garden City, N.Y.
  18. Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 511 pp.
  19. Ryser, F.A. 1985. Birds of the Great Basin a natural history. University of Nevada Press, Reno, NV.
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  23. Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
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  25. Willson, M. F. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Yellow-headed Blackbird. Ecological Monographs 36:51-77.