Home/Species/ Mourning Dove

Zenaida macroura

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Mourning Dove

G5Secure Found in 240 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →

G5SecureGlobal Rank

Least concernIUCN

LowThreat Impact

Identity

Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104326

Element CodeABNPB04040

Record TypeSPECIES

ClassificationSpecies

Classification StatusStandard

Name CategoryVertebrate Animal

IUCNLeast concern

Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

KingdomAnimalia

PhylumCraniata

ClassAves

OrderColumbiformes

FamilyColumbidae

GenusZenaida

Other Common Names

Paloma Huilota (ES) Tourterelle triste (FR)

Concept Reference

American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.

Taxonomic Comments

Throughout North America, this species exhibits little mtDNA polymorphism and a shallow phylogeographic structure (Ball and Avise 1992). Zenaida graysoni and Z. macroura are considered conspecific by some authors (AOU 1983, but see Baptista et al. 1983). Zenaida macroura and Z. auriculata constitute a superspecies (AOU 1998).

Conservation Status

Rank MethodExpertise without calculation

Review Date2016-04-10

Change Date1996-11-27

Edition Date2009-03-24

Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.

Threat ImpactLow

Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)

Number of Occurrences> 300

Rank Reasons

Large range in North and Central America and West Indies; very large population size and number of occurrences; a major game species; relatively stable population; no major threats.

Range Extent Comments

Breeding range extends from southern Canada (southwestern and east-central British Columbia to soutern Quebec and Nova Scotia) south to Panama and West Indies. Winter range includes almost all of the breeding range (except notably populations in the north-central portion) and extends south to southern Baja California and throughout the remainder of Mexico (Howell and Webb 1995), and mainly along the Pacific slope of Central America south to Costa Rica and southwestern Panama (Stiles and Skutch 1989, Ridgely and Gwynne 1989).

Introduced (1960s) and established in Hawaii (near Puu Waa Waa, Hawaii).

Occurrences Comments

This species is represented by a large number of occurrences.

Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Habitats include open woodland, forest edge, cultivated lands with scattered trees and bushes, parks and suburban areas, arid and desert country (generally near water), and second growth (Tropical to Temperate zones). Nests are in trees or shrubs, sometimes on stumps or rocks or on building ledges, or on the ground. Individuals may nest in an old nest of another species or build its own platform of twigs.

Ecology

This species forms small to large flocks in the nonbreeding season.

Reproduction

Protracted breeding season. Clutch size is usually 2. Incubation lasts 13-15 days, by both sexes (male diurnally). Young are fed by at least one parent for 27 days (mainly by male after 16 days). Individual pairs may raise 2-5 broods/year. Pair bond usually is life-long.

Terrestrial Habitats

Forest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralSavannaGrassland/herbaceousOld fieldDesertCropland/hedgerowSuburban/orchard

Palustrine Habitats

Riparian

Other Nations (2)

CanadaN5B,N5N

Province	Rank	Native
Nova Scotia	S5	Yes
Manitoba	S4B	Yes
Island of Newfoundland	S3	Yes
Prince Edward Island	S5	Yes
Alberta	S5B	Yes
Quebec	S4B	Yes
Saskatchewan	S5B	Yes
Ontario	S5	Yes
Labrador	S3B,SUM	Yes
British Columbia	S4B	Yes
New Brunswick	S5B,S4N	Yes

United StatesN5

Province	Rank	Native
South Dakota	S5B	Yes
Arizona	S5	Yes
Wisconsin	S5B	Yes
West Virginia	S5B,S5N	Yes
Mississippi	S5	Yes
District of Columbia	S4N,S5B	Yes
North Dakota	SNRB	Yes
Idaho	S5	Yes
Massachusetts	S5	Yes
Wyoming	S5B,S5N	Yes
New Jersey	S5B,S5N	Yes
California	SNR	Yes
Alabama	S5	Yes
Nevada	S5	Yes
Navajo Nation	S5B,S3N	Yes
Nebraska	S5	Yes
South Carolina	S5	Yes
Arkansas	S5	Yes
Delaware	S5	Yes
Louisiana	S5	Yes
Utah	S5B,S3N	Yes
North Carolina	S5B,S5N	Yes
Pennsylvania	S5B	Yes
Illinois	S5	Yes
Ohio	S5	Yes
Connecticut	S5	Yes
Washington	S5B,S5N	Yes
Minnesota	SNRB,SNRN	Yes
Indiana	S5	Yes
New Mexico	S5B,S5N	Yes
Maryland	S5	Yes
Iowa	S5B,S5N	Yes
Florida	S4	Yes
Oregon	S5	Yes
Kansas	S5B	Yes
Michigan	S5	Yes
Rhode Island	S5B,S5N	Yes
Missouri	SNR	Yes
Alaska	S3N	Yes
Georgia	S5	Yes
New York	S5	Yes
Virginia	S5	Yes
Oklahoma	SNR	Yes
New Hampshire	S5	Yes
Vermont	S4B,S5N	Yes
Colorado	S5	Yes
Tennessee	S5	Yes
Maine	S5B,S5N	Yes
Kentucky	S5	Yes
Montana	S5B	Yes
Texas	S5B	Yes

Roadless Areas (240)

Alabama (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Blue Mountain	Talladega National Forest	4,986

Alaska (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Rhine	Tongass National Forest	23,010

Arizona (25)

Area	Forest	Acres
Arnold Mesa	Prescott National Forest	12,286
Big Ridge	Kaibab National Forest	9,087
Boulder	Tonto National Forest	40,359
Burro Canyon	Kaibab National Forest	19,928
Butterfly Roadless Area	Coronado National Forest	42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless Area	Coronado National Forest	951
Cdo Wsa	Coronado National Forest	1,955
Chiricahua	Coronado National Forest	76,876
Galiuro	Coronado National Forest	28,333
Goldfield	Tonto National Forest	15,257
Happy Valley	Coronado National Forest	7,972
Hell Hole	Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests	15,512
Lime Creek	Tonto National Forest	42,568
Mazatzal	Tonto National Forest	16,942
Middle Dragoon Roadless	Coronado National Forest	10,543
Middle Romero WSR	Coronado National Forest	60
Oracle Roadless	Coronado National Forest	22,365
Picacho	Tonto National Forest	4,969
Pinaleno	Coronado National Forest	130,920
Pine Mountain Wilderness Contiguous	Tonto National Forest	6,518
Red Point	Kaibab National Forest	7,139
Sierra Ancha Wilderness Contiguous	Tonto National Forest	7,787
Tumacacori	Coronado National Forest	44,594
Upper Rincon Roadless	Coronado National Forest	2,991
Whetstone	Coronado National Forest	20,728

California (78)

Area	Forest	Acres
Antimony	Los Padres National Forest	40,911
Arroyo Seco	Angeles National Forest	4,703
Barker Valley	Cleveland National Forest	11,940
Birch Creek	Inyo National Forest	28,816
Boundary Peak (CA)	Inyo National Forest	210,884
Caliente	Cleveland National Forest	5,953
Callahan Flow	Modoc National Forest	6,618
Camuesa	Los Padres National Forest	8,209
Caples Creek	Eldorado National Forest	17,854
Channell	Sequoia National Forest	45,429
Chico	Sequoia National Forest	39,836
Circle Mountain	San Bernardino National Forest	6,375
City Creek	San Bernardino National Forest	9,997
Coldwater	Cleveland National Forest	8,402
Crystal Creek	San Bernardino National Forest	6,783
Cucamonga B	San Bernardino National Forest	11,933
Cucamonga C	San Bernardino National Forest	4,106
Cutca Valley	Cleveland National Forest	14,530
Deep Creek	San Bernardino National Forest	23,869
Devil Gulch	Sierra National Forest	30,490
Devil's Gate (CA)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	9,946
Diable	Los Padres National Forest	19,597
Dry Lakes	Los Padres National Forest	17,043
Eagle Peak	Cleveland National Forest	6,481
Excelsior (CA)	Inyo National Forest	45,607
Fish Canyon	Angeles National Forest	29,886
Fox Mountain	Los Padres National Forest	52,072
Glass Mountain	Inyo National Forest	52,867
Granite Peak	San Bernardino National Forest	450
Greenhorn Creek	Sequoia National Forest	28,226
Grizzly Peak	Plumas National Forest	6,222
Hixon Flat	San Bernardino National Forest	8,095
Horse Creek Ridge	San Bernardino National Forest	8,969
Horse Mdw.	Inyo National Forest	5,687
Horseshoe Springs	Los Padres National Forest	14,089
Jennie Lake	Sequoia National Forest	2,388
La Brea	Los Padres National Forest	14,031
Ladd	Cleveland National Forest	5,300
Lavas	Modoc National Forest	25,864
Log Cabin Saddlebag	Inyo National Forest	15,165
Lpoor Canyon	Los Padres National Forest	13,762
Magic Mountain	Angeles National Forest	15,542
Malduce Buckhorn	Los Padres National Forest	14,177
Matilija	Los Padres National Forest	5,218
Mill Creek	Sequoia National Forest	27,643
Mill Peak	San Bernardino National Forest	7,884
Mono	Los Padres National Forest	28,141
Mt. Jackson	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	20,721
Mt. Shasta B	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	2,809
No Name	Cleveland National Forest	4,897
Nordhoff	Los Padres National Forest	12,031
North Mountain	Stanislaus National Forest	7,856
Pine Creek	Cleveland National Forest	503
Pleasant View	Angeles National Forest	26,395
Pyramid Peak B	San Bernardino National Forest	7,194
Raywood Flat B	San Bernardino National Forest	11,373
Red Mountain	Angeles National Forest	8,034
Rouse Hill	San Bernardino National Forest	13,745
San Dimas	Angeles National Forest	7,160
San Gabriel Add	Angeles National Forest	2,527
San Sevaine	San Bernardino National Forest	6,866
Santa Cruz	Los Padres National Forest	21,182
Sawmill - Badlands	Los Padres National Forest	51,362
Sespe - Frazier	Los Padres National Forest	106,910
Sespe - Frazier	Angeles National Forest	4,254
Sheep Mountain	Angeles National Forest	21,098
Sill Hill	Cleveland National Forest	5,294
South Sierra	Sequoia National Forest	8,008
South Sierra	Inyo National Forest	41,853
Strawberry Peak	Angeles National Forest	7,245
Tequepis	Los Padres National Forest	9,080
Trabuco	Cleveland National Forest	23,341
Tule	Angeles National Forest	9,861
Westfork	Angeles National Forest	4,407
White Ledge	Los Padres National Forest	18,632
Wildhorse	Cleveland National Forest	1,483
Woodpecker	Sequoia National Forest	11,936
Woolstaff	Sequoia National Forest	41,445

Colorado (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Dome Peak	Routt NF	35,716

Florida (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Alexander Springs Creek	Ocala National Forest	2,954

Idaho (4)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bear Creek	Caribou-Targhee National Forest	118,582
Borah Peak	Salmon-Challis National Forest	130,463
Hoodoo	Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest	153,868
Italian Peak	Caribou-Targhee National Forest	141,158

Louisiana (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Saline Bayou W & S River Corridor	Kisatchie National Forest	5,355

Missouri (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Swan Creek Rare II Study Area	Mark Twain National Forest	7,310

Montana (12)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bmss Ra 1485	Flathead National Forest	334,275
Bridger	Gallatin National Forest	45,059
Buckhorn Ridge (MT)	Kootenai National Forest	34,716
Cabinet Face East #671	Kootenai National Forest	50,326
Fleecer	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	31,585
Mt. Gmt Area H	Custer National Forest	1,335
North Absaroka	Custer National Forest	21,063
North Absaroka	Gallatin National Forest	159,075
Scotchman Peaks (MT)	Kootenai National Forest	53,909
Selway - Bitterroot (01067)	Bitterroot National Forest	114,953
Sheep Mountain - Stateline	Lolo National Forest	37,844
Tongue River Breaks	Custer National Forest	17,481

Nevada (30)

Area	Forest	Acres
Angel Peak North	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	12,577
Bald Mtn.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	41,598
Bunker Hill	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	27,569
Buttermilk	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	19,373
Cabin Creek	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	10,706
Four Mile	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	24,093
Grantsville	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	6,156
Mahogany Ridge	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	16,765
Moriah - Smith Ck. N	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	103
Moriah - Smith Ck. S	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	45
Mt. Etna	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	20,527
Mystic (NV)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	5,644
Pearl Peak	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	71,405
Pine Grove North	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	8,749
Pine Grove South	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	88,945
Quinn	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	62,459
Rose - Alum Creek	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	853
Rose - Big Meadows	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	311
Rose - Davis Mdw.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,361
Rose - Evans	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,782
Rose - Verdi	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	1,155
Rose - Whites Canyon	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,568
Santa Rosa	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	54,555
Snake - Big Wash	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,146
Snake - Chokecherry	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	30,845
Snake - Hatchery	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,627
Snake - Murphy	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	27,064
South Schell	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	125,614
Table Mtn. - East	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	87,789
Toiyabe Range	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	99,225

New Hampshire (5)

Area	Forest	Acres
Carr Mountain	White Mountain National Forest	17,110
Kilkenny	White Mountain National Forest	28,766
Sandwich Range	White Mountain National Forest	16,797
Waterville	White Mountain National Forest	4,312
Wild River	White Mountain National Forest	46,878

New Mexico (13)

Area	Forest	Acres
Capitan Mountains	Lincoln National Forest	14,069
Carrizo Mountain	Lincoln National Forest	17,280
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study Area	Carson National Forest	43,739
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive Area	Gila National Forest	79,049
Devils Creek	Gila National Forest	89,916
Gila Box	Gila National Forest	23,759
Nichols Reservoir	Santa Fe National Forest	1,518
Ortega Peak	Lincoln National Forest	11,545
Peloncillo (NM)	Coronado National Forest	43,339
Rendija	Santa Fe National Forest	2,176
South Guadalupe Mountains	Lincoln National Forest	20,930
Thompson Peak	Santa Fe National Forest	33,001
West Face Sacramento Mountains	Lincoln National Forest	41,176

North Carolina (6)

Area	Forest	Acres
Balsam Cone	Pisgah National Forest	10,591
Laurel Mountain	Pisgah National Forest	5,683
Overflow Creek	Nantahala National Forest	3,379
South Mills River	Pisgah National Forest	8,588
Tusquitee Bald	Nantahala National Forest	13,670
Woods Mountain	Pisgah National Forest	9,602

Oregon (9)

Area	Forest	Acres
Crane Mountain	Fremont National Forest	23,096
Hellhole	Umatilla National Forest	65,679
Homestead	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	5,817
Hurricane Creek	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	1,606
Imnaha Face	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	29,575
Limpy Rock	Umpqua National Forest	6,782
Sky Lakes A	Winema National Forest	3,940
Tenmile	Siuslaw National Forest	10,818
Twin Mountain	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	58,533

South Dakota (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Indian Creek	Buffalo Gap National Grassland	24,666

Tennessee (3)

Area	Forest	Acres
Flint Mill Gap	Cherokee National Forest	9,494
Sampson Mountain Addition	Cherokee National Forest	3,064
Stone Mountain	Cherokee National Forest	5,367

Texas (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Big Creek	National Forests in Texas	1,447

Utah (22)

Area	Forest	Acres
418024	Uinta National Forest	51,699
418025	Uinta National Forest	32,698
418029	Uinta National Forest	15,673
Boulder Mountain	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	8,852
Burch Creek	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	6,938
Cottonwood	Dixie National Forest	6,754
Fishhook	Dixie National Forest	12,959
Lone Peak Contiguous	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	874
Mahogany Range	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	11,409
Middle Francis	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	3,296
Mt. Logan North	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	18,930
Mt. Logan South	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	17,014
Mt. Logan West	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	5,285
Mt. Naomi	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	41,922
Mt. Olympus	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	9,982
North Francis	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	8,148
Oak Creek	Fishlake National Forest	54,053
Pine Valley Mountains	Dixie National Forest	57,673
Right Hand Fork Logan	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	15,023
Signal Peak	Fishlake National Forest	30,889
South Francis	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	3,374
Wellsville	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	1,717

Virginia (10)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bear Creek	Jefferson National Forest	18,274
Beaver Dam Creek	Jefferson National Forest	1,135
Brush Mountain	Jefferson National Forest	6,002
Little River	George Washington National Forest	27,292
Little Wilson Creek Addition B	Jefferson National Forest	1,725
New London Bridge Branch	Jefferson National Forest	844
Northern Massanutten	George Washington National Forest	9,444
Oak Knob	George Washington National Forest	10,882
Seng Mountain	Jefferson National Forest	6,428
Southern Massanutten	George Washington National Forest	11,985

Washington (5)

Area	Forest	Acres
Glacier Peak K	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	47,269
Granite Mountain	Okanogan National Forest	27,428
Jupiter Ridge	Olympic National Forest	10,148
Mill Creek Watershed (WA)	Umatilla National Forest	16,747
Sawtooth	Okanogan National Forest	122,194

West Virginia (6)

Area	Forest	Acres
Canaan Loop	Monongahela National Forest	7,867
Cranberry Addition	Monongahela National Forest	11,123
Dolly Sods Roaring Plain	Monongahela National Forest	13,392
Dry River (WV)	George Washington National Forest	7,331
Falls Of Hills Creek	Monongahela National Forest	6,925
Little Mountain	Monongahela National Forest	8,172

Wyoming (4)

Area	Forest	Acres
Gros Ventre Mountains	Bridger-Teton National Forest	106,418
Salt River Range	Bridger-Teton National Forest	235,661
South Beartooth Highway	Shoshone National Forest	105,570
Wilderness Study Area	Targhee National Forest	51,961

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