Home/Species/ American Robin

Turdus migratorius

Linnaeus, 1766

American Robin

G5Secure Found in 716 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →

G5SecureGlobal Rank

Least concernIUCN

Identity

Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102179

Element CodeABPBJ20170

Record TypeSPECIES

ClassificationSpecies

Classification StatusStandard

Name CategoryVertebrate Animal

IUCNLeast concern

Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations

KingdomAnimalia

PhylumCraniata

ClassAves

OrderPasseriformes

FamilyTurdidae

GenusTurdus

Other Common Names

American robin (EN) Merle d'Amérique (FR) Mirlo Primavera (ES)

Concept Reference

American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.

Taxonomic Comments

Resident population in mountains of southern Baja California sometimes is regarded as separate species, T. confinis (AOU 1983, 1998). See Aldrich and James (1991) for a summary of major geographic patterns in size, shape, and plumage color.

Conservation Status

Rank MethodExpertise without calculation

Review Date2016-04-10

Change Date1996-12-03

Edition Date2010-01-29

Edition AuthorsHammerson, G.

Range Extent>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)

Range Extent Comments

Breeding range extends from western and northern Alaska eastward across northern Canada to Labrador and Newfoundland, and south to southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, Sonora, southern Mexico (Oaxaca and verzcruz), U.S. Gulf Coast, and (rarely) central Florida; also resident in mountains of southern Baja California (AOU 1998). Winter range extends from southern Alaska (rarely), southern Canada, and the northern contiguous United States south to Baja California, Guatemala, U.S. Gulf Coast, southern Florida, Bermuda, western Cuba, and (rarely northern Bahamas (AOU 1998).

Ecology & Habitat

Description

Upper side dark gray with a darker head; rusty-orange breast and flanks; white spots around eye; dark tail with or without white outer corners. Adult male is darker than adult female and has a darker orange breast. Juveniles have a dark-spotted orangish breast. Length: 25 cm, wingspan 43 cm.

Habitat

American robins use a wide range of habitats, including forest, woodland, scrub, parks, thickets, gardens, cultivated lands, savanna, swamps, and suburbs. They are attracted to areas with damp ground or small fruits. Nests are in forks or on branches of trees or shrubs, on building ledges, sometimes on fences, posts, or cliff ledges, or rarely on the ground; usually 1-6 meters above ground.

Ecology

Defends nesting territories but may also use undefended feeding grounds up to 300 meters distant (Knupp et al. 1977).

Reproduction

Egg laying usually begins in April or (in some northern or high elevation areas) May, and nesting may continue into July. Clutch size is 3-6 (usually 4). Incubation, by female, lasts usually 11-14 days. Both parents tend young, which leave the nest 14-16 days after hatching. Individual females produce/attempt usually 2 broods per year, sometimes 3.

Terrestrial Habitats

Forest - HardwoodForest - ConiferForest - MixedWoodland - HardwoodWoodland - ConiferWoodland - MixedShrubland/chaparralSavannaGrassland/herbaceousOld fieldCropland/hedgerowSuburban/orchard

Palustrine Habitats

FORESTED WETLANDRiparian

Other Nations (2)

CanadaN5B,N5N

Province	Rank	Native
Manitoba	S5B	Yes
Yukon Territory	S5B	Yes
Alberta	S5B,SUN	Yes
Labrador	S5B	Yes
Nunavut	S5B	Yes
Prince Edward Island	S5B	Yes
Northwest Territories	S5	Yes
Nova Scotia	S5B,S3N	Yes
British Columbia	S5	Yes
New Brunswick	S5B	Yes
Quebec	S5B	Yes
Ontario	S5	Yes
Saskatchewan	S5B,SUN	Yes
Island of Newfoundland	S5B	Yes

United StatesN5

Province	Rank	Native
Missouri	S5	Yes
Maryland	S5B,S5N	Yes
Utah	S5	Yes
Illinois	S5	Yes
New Mexico	S5B,S5N	Yes
Indiana	S5B	Yes
Tennessee	S5	Yes
Kansas	S5	Yes
Oregon	S5	Yes
Virginia	S5	Yes
Wisconsin	S5B	Yes
Rhode Island	S5B	Yes
Oklahoma	S5B	Yes
Montana	S5B	Yes
Arkansas	S5	Yes
Massachusetts	S5	Yes
West Virginia	S5N,S5B	Yes
Idaho	S5	Yes
New York	S5B	Yes
New Jersey	S5B,S5N	Yes
South Carolina	S4	Yes
Wyoming	S5B	Yes
Ohio	S5	Yes
Iowa	S5B,S5N	Yes
Vermont	S5B	Yes
District of Columbia	S5B,S5N	Yes
South Dakota	S5B,S4N	Yes
Michigan	S5	Yes
Colorado	S5	Yes
New Hampshire	S5B	Yes
Pennsylvania	S5B	Yes
Nebraska	S5	Yes
Texas	S4B,S5N	Yes
North Carolina	S5B,S5N	Yes
North Dakota	SNRB	Yes
Kentucky	S5B,S5N	Yes
Alaska	S5B	Yes
Nevada	S5	Yes
Alabama	S5	Yes
Louisiana	S4B,S5N	Yes
Navajo Nation	S5	Yes
California	SNR	Yes
Florida	SNRB,SNRN	Yes
Mississippi	S5B,S5N	Yes
Maine	S5B,S5N	Yes
Arizona	S5	Yes
Delaware	S5	Yes
Georgia	S5	Yes
Connecticut	S5B	Yes
Washington	S5B,S5N	Yes
Minnesota	SNRB,SNRN	Yes

Threat Assessments

Threat	Scope	Severity	Timing
11 - Climate change & severe weather	Unknown	Slight or 1-10% pop. decline	Low (long-term)
11.3 - Temperature extremes	Unknown	Slight or 1-10% pop. decline	Low (long-term)

Roadless Areas (716)

Alaska (53)

Area	Forest	Acres
Behm Islands	Tongass National Forest	4,777
Bering Lake	Chugach National Forest	965,076
Boston Bar	Chugach National Forest	53,617
Chichagof	Tongass National Forest	555,858
Chilkat-West Lynn Canal	Tongass National Forest	199,772
Chugach-12	Chugach National Forest	8,116
Chugach-13	Chugach National Forest	13,337
College Fiord	Chugach National Forest	1,130,818
Copper River Wetlands	Chugach National Forest	85,972
Douglas Island	Tongass National Forest	28,065
Eudora	Tongass National Forest	195,022
Fidalgo-Gravina	Chugach National Forest	257,968
Freshwater Bay	Tongass National Forest	44,933
Game Creek	Tongass National Forest	54,469
Gravina	Tongass National Forest	37,381
Hoonah Sound	Tongass National Forest	79,764
Hyder	Tongass National Forest	121,723
Johnson Pass	Chugach National Forest	152,508
Juneau Urban	Tongass National Forest	101,581
Juneau-Skagway Icefield	Tongass National Forest	1,187,268
Karta	Tongass National Forest	52,117
Kenai Lake	Chugach National Forest	213,172
Kenai Mountains	Chugach National Forest	306,600
Kogish	Tongass National Forest	65,216
Kosciusko	Tongass National Forest	64,134
Lindenberg	Tongass National Forest	25,855
Madan	Tongass National Forest	68,553
Mansfield Peninsula	Tongass National Forest	54,991
Middle Kruzof	Tongass National Forest	14,724
Nellie Juan	Chugach National Forest	713,697
North Baranof	Tongass National Forest	314,089
North Etolin	Tongass National Forest	40,993
North Kruzof	Tongass National Forest	33,146
North Kupreanof	Tongass National Forest	114,660
North Revilla	Tongass National Forest	215,430
North Wrangell	Tongass National Forest	8,091
Outer Islands	Tongass National Forest	99,862
Port Alexander	Tongass National Forest	120,681
Redoubt	Tongass National Forest	68,347
Resurrection	Chugach National Forest	224,615
Revilla	Tongass National Forest	29,298
Rhine	Tongass National Forest	23,010
Roaded Donut	Chugach National Forest	968
Sheridan Glacier	Chugach National Forest	224,683
Sitka Urban	Tongass National Forest	112,003
Soda Bay	Tongass National Forest	78,091
South Kruzof	Tongass National Forest	55,193
Taku-Snettisham	Tongass National Forest	664,928
Tenakee Ridge	Tongass National Forest	20,527
Twenty Mile	Chugach National Forest	198,775
Upper Situk	Tongass National Forest	16,789
West Wrangell	Tongass National Forest	10,291
Yakutat Forelands	Tongass National Forest	323,648

Arizona (24)

Area	Forest	Acres
Black Canyon	Prescott National Forest	10,683
Boulder	Tonto National Forest	40,359
Butterfly Roadless Area	Coronado National Forest	42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless Area	Coronado National Forest	951
Cdo Wsa	Coronado National Forest	1,955
Centerfire	Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests	13,130
Chiricahua	Coronado National Forest	76,876
Coconino Rim	Kaibab National Forest	7,213
East Clear Creek	Coconino National Forest	1,613
Goldfield	Tonto National Forest	15,257
Hellsgate	Tonto National Forest	6,171
Lime Creek	Tonto National Forest	42,568
Lower San Francisco	Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests	59,310
Mazatzal	Tonto National Forest	16,942
Middle Dragoon Roadless	Coronado National Forest	10,543
Middle Romero WSR	Coronado National Forest	60
Nolan	Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests	6,780
Oracle Roadless	Coronado National Forest	22,365
Pinaleno	Coronado National Forest	130,920
Red Point	Kaibab National Forest	7,139
Santa Teresa	Coronado National Forest	8,929
Sierra Ancha Wilderness Contiguous	Tonto National Forest	7,787
Tumacacori	Coronado National Forest	44,594
Whetstone	Coronado National Forest	20,728

California (170)

Area	Forest	Acres
Agnew	Sequoia National Forest	9,561
Antimony	Los Padres National Forest	40,911
Arroyo Seco	Angeles National Forest	4,703
Bald Mountain	Tahoe National Forest	5,832
Barker Valley	Cleveland National Forest	11,940
Bear Mountain	Los Padres National Forest	913
Bell Meadow	Stanislaus National Forest	7,968
Birch Creek	Inyo National Forest	28,816
Black Butte	Mendocino National Forest	15,461
Black Butte	Los Padres National Forest	5,116
Black Canyon	Inyo National Forest	32,421
Bucks Lake	Plumas National Forest	680
Cahuilla Mountain	San Bernardino National Forest	6,952
Cajon	San Bernardino National Forest	7,548
Caliente	Cleveland National Forest	5,953
Callahan Flow	Modoc National Forest	6,618
Caples Creek	Eldorado National Forest	17,854
Carson - Iceberg	Stanislaus National Forest	56,430
Castle Crags A	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	113
Castle Crags B	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	1,619
Castle Peak	Tahoe National Forest	14,974
Chalk Peak	Los Padres National Forest	7,472
Chanchelulla	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	3,915
Channell	Sequoia National Forest	45,429
Chico	Sequoia National Forest	39,836
Chinquapin	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	22,040
Chips Creek	Plumas National Forest	12,940
Chips Creek	Lassen National Forest	29,089
Circle Mountain	San Bernardino National Forest	6,375
City Creek	San Bernardino National Forest	9,997
Coldwater	Cleveland National Forest	8,402
Cow Creek	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	22,627
Coyote Southeast	Inyo National Forest	53,159
Crane Mtn.	Modoc National Forest	1,269
Crystal Creek	San Bernardino National Forest	6,783
Cucamonga A	Angeles National Forest	1,249
Cucamonga B	San Bernardino National Forest	11,933
Cucamonga C	San Bernardino National Forest	4,106
Cutca Valley	Cleveland National Forest	14,530
Dardanelles	Eldorado National Forest	8,110
De La Guerra	Los Padres National Forest	5,418
Deep Creek	San Bernardino National Forest	23,869
Devil Gulch	Sierra National Forest	30,490
Devil's Gate (CA)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	9,946
Dinkey Lakes	Sierra National Forest	34,171
Dome	Stanislaus National Forest	11,085
Dry Lakes	Los Padres National Forest	17,043
Duncan Canyon	Tahoe National Forest	8,621
Eagle	Stanislaus National Forest	16,116
Eagle	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	6,553
East Yuba	Tahoe National Forest	17,968
Ebbetts	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	255
Ferguson Ridge	Sierra National Forest	6,104
Fish Canyon	Angeles National Forest	29,886
Fisher Gulch B	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	4,791
Glass Mountain	Inyo National Forest	52,867
Granite Chief	Tahoe National Forest	6,546
Granite Peak	San Bernardino National Forest	450
Grindstone	Mendocino National Forest	26,031
Grizzly Peak	Plumas National Forest	6,222
Grouse Lakes	Tahoe National Forest	19,085
Hall Natural Area	Inyo National Forest	5,236
Heart Lake	Lassen National Forest	9,349
Hoover - Green Ck No	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	7,155
Hoover - Mt.olsen	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	624
Hoover - North	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	1,574
Hoover - Virginia Lks	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	5,050
Horse Creek Ridge	San Bernardino National Forest	8,969
Horse Mdw.	Inyo National Forest	5,687
Horton	Inyo National Forest	5,717
Iceberg - Mill Creek	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	26,988
Ishi	Lassen National Forest	21,805
Jennie Lake	Sequoia National Forest	2,388
Kings River	Sierra National Forest	52,999
La Brea	Los Padres National Forest	14,031
Ladd	Cleveland National Forest	5,300
Lake Eleanor	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	397
Lavas	Modoc National Forest	25,864
Little French C	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	11,529
Log Cabin Saddlebag	Inyo National Forest	15,165
Magic Mountain	Angeles National Forest	15,542
Malduce Buckhorn	Los Padres National Forest	14,177
Matilija	Los Padres National Forest	5,218
Middle Fork	Plumas National Forest	29,278
Middle Yuba	Tahoe National Forest	7,379
Mill	Modoc National Forest	321
Mill Creek	Lassen National Forest	7,587
Mill Peak	San Bernardino National Forest	7,884
Moses	Sequoia National Forest	22,077
Mt. Jackson	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	20,721
Mt. Bidwell	Modoc National Forest	11,687
Mt. Hoffman	Modoc National Forest	9,780
Mt. Lassic	Six Rivers National Forest	6,643
Mt. Olsen	Inyo National Forest	2,161
Mt. Reba	Stanislaus National Forest	3,869
Mt. Shasta A	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	676
Mt. Shasta B	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	2,809
Mt. Vida	Modoc National Forest	7,771
Nessie	Inyo National Forest	830
Nevahbe Ridge	Inyo National Forest	302
Night	Stanislaus National Forest	3,173
Nordhoff	Los Padres National Forest	12,031
North Fork American River	Tahoe National Forest	38,495
North Lake	Inyo National Forest	2,406
North Mountain	Stanislaus National Forest	7,856
Onion Springs	Lassen National Forest	2,421
Orleans Mtn.	Klamath National Forest	49,090
Orleans Mtn. B	Six Rivers National Forest	17,183
Orleans Mtn. C	Six Rivers National Forest	15,589
Paiute	Inyo National Forest	58,712
Parsnip	Modoc National Forest	8,485
Pilot Creek	Six Rivers National Forest	9,192
Pleasant View	Angeles National Forest	26,395
Poison Hole	Eldorado National Forest	2,627
Powley	Modoc National Forest	6,268
Pyramid	Eldorado National Forest	24,347
Pyramid Peak B	San Bernardino National Forest	7,194
Raymond Peak	Eldorado National Forest	2,518
Raymond Peak	Stanislaus National Forest	3,646
Raywood Flat B	San Bernardino National Forest	11,373
Red Mountain	Angeles National Forest	8,034
Rincon	Sequoia National Forest	54,610
Robinson Peak	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	5,835
Rock Creek West	Inyo National Forest	3,626
Rouse Hill	San Bernardino National Forest	13,745
Rubicon	Eldorado National Forest	4,872
Russian	Klamath National Forest	21,771
Salt Gulch	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	6,511
San Dimas	Angeles National Forest	7,160
San Gabriel Add	Angeles National Forest	2,527
San Joaquin	Sierra National Forest	22,474
San Sevaine	San Bernardino National Forest	6,866
Santa Cruz	Los Padres National Forest	21,182
Sawmill - Badlands	Los Padres National Forest	51,362
Sespe - Frazier	Los Padres National Forest	106,910
Sheep Mountain	Angeles National Forest	21,098
Sherwin	Inyo National Forest	3,140
Sill Hill	Cleveland National Forest	5,294
Silver Hill	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,423
Sinkard	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,004
Siskiyou	Klamath National Forest	54,039
Slate Mtn.	Sequoia National Forest	12,299
Snoozer	Klamath National Forest	23,414
Snow Mountain	Lassen National Forest	2,165
Soldier	Modoc National Forest	10,102
Soldier Canyon	Inyo National Forest	40,589
South Fork	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	16,786
South Sierra	Sequoia National Forest	8,008
South Sierra	Inyo National Forest	41,853
Strawberry Peak	Angeles National Forest	7,245
Sugarloaf	San Bernardino National Forest	8,206
Table Mtn.	Inyo National Forest	4,215
Tequepis	Los Padres National Forest	9,080
Timbered Crater	Lassen National Forest	4,096
Tinemaha	Inyo National Forest	27,060
Tioga Lake	Inyo National Forest	829
Tragedy - Elephants Back	Eldorado National Forest	20,866
Tule	Angeles National Forest	9,861
Waterhouse	Stanislaus National Forest	4,394
Weaver Bally	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	829
West Fork	Angeles National Forest	1,169
West Girard	Shasta-Trinity National Forest	37,516
Westfork	Angeles National Forest	4,407
Wheeler Ridge	Inyo National Forest	15,744
White Ledge	Los Padres National Forest	18,632
Wild Cattle Mtn	Lassen National Forest	4,965
Wild Horse Mtn. (CA)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	28,822
Wonoga Pk.	Inyo National Forest	11,272
Woodpecker	Sequoia National Forest	11,936
Woolstaff	Sequoia National Forest	41,445

Colorado (9)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bristol Head	Rio Grande NF	46,087
Comanche Peak Adjacent Area	Arapaho & Roosevelt NFs	44,158
Dome Peak	Routt NF	35,716
Hermosa	San Juan NF	148,103
Long Park	Routt NF	42,100
Pagoda Peak	Routt NF	57,676
Red Table	White River NF	39,122
San Miguel	San Juan NF	64,263
Storm Peak	San Juan NF	57,617

Florida (2)

Area	Forest	Acres
Alexander Springs Creek	Ocala National Forest	2,954
Farles Prairie	Ocala National Forest	1,901

Georgia (3)

Area	Forest	Acres
Indian Grave Gap	Chattahoochee National Forest	1,020
Lance Creek	Chattahoochee National Forest	9,025
Rocky Mountain	Chattahoochee National Forest	4,269

Idaho (13)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bear Creek	Caribou-Targhee National Forest	118,582
Bighorn - Weitas	Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest	254,845
Borah Peak	Salmon-Challis National Forest	130,463
Hoodoo	Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest	153,868
Italian Peak	Caribou-Targhee National Forest	141,158
Lemhi Range	Salmon-Challis National Forest	308,533
Needles	Payette National Forest	131,279
Palisades	Caribou-Targhee National Forest	122,002
Peace Rock	Boise National Forest	191,734
Pioneer Mountains	Salmon-Challis National Forest	172,460
Pioneer Mountains	Sawtooth National Forest	119,563
Secesh	Payette National Forest	248,088
West Meadow Creek	Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest	115,949

Minnesota (2)

Area	Forest	Acres
Phantom Lake	Superior National Forest	6,521
Wood Lake	Superior National Forest	596

Montana (47)

Area	Forest	Acres
Allan Mountain (01946)	Bitterroot National Forest	104,184
Basin Creek	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	9,500
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - Swan	Lolo National Forest	118,485
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - Swan	Lewis and Clark National Forest	344,022
Bear - Marshall - Scapegoat - Swan	Helena National Forest	51,360
Beartooth	Custer National Forest	1,142
Beartooth	Gallatin National Forest	5,285
Big Horn Mountain	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	50,846
Big Log	Helena National Forest	8,954
Big Snowy Mountains Wsa	Lewis and Clark National Forest	88,003
Bmss Ra 1485	Flathead National Forest	334,275
Bridger	Gallatin National Forest	45,059
Buckhorn Ridge (MT)	Kootenai National Forest	34,716
Cabin Creek Wildlife Management Area Ocd	Gallatin National Forest	35,048
Cabinet Face East #671	Kootenai National Forest	50,326
Cube Iron - Silcox	Lolo National Forest	36,998
Deadhorse Ridge Ra 1128	Flathead National Forest	23,648
East Pioneer	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	145,082
Fishtail Saddleback	Custer National Forest	16,359
Freezeout Mountain	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	97,305
Gallatin Fringe	Gallatin National Forest	51,571
Government Mountain #673	Kootenai National Forest	10,090
Hoodoo	Lolo National Forest	105,162
Hyalite - Porcupine - Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area	Gallatin National Forest	143,991
Italian Peak	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	90,401
Line Creek Plateau	Custer National Forest	24,825
Lionhead	Gallatin National Forest	33,549
Madison	Gallatin National Forest	127,859
Marston Face # 172	Kootenai National Forest	9,098
Meadow Creek - Upper North Fork	Lolo National Forest	6,906
Middle Mtn. / Tobacco Roots	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	96,487
Mt. Gmt Area H	Custer National Forest	1,335
North Absaroka	Custer National Forest	21,063
North Absaroka	Gallatin National Forest	159,075
Patricks Knob - North Cutoff	Lolo National Forest	16,970
Red Lodge Creek Hellroaring	Custer National Forest	17,210
Reef	Gallatin National Forest	2,500
Reservation Divide	Lolo National Forest	16,908
Scotchman Peaks (MT)	Kootenai National Forest	53,909
Selway - Bitterroot (01067)	Bitterroot National Forest	114,953
Silver King	Lolo National Forest	12,816
Silver King	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	64,289
Snowcrest Mountain	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	97,649
South Siegel - South Cutoff	Lolo National Forest	13,474
Stony Mountain	Bitterroot National Forest	44,057
West Big Hole	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	133,563
West Pioneer	Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest	248,631

Nevada (49)

Area	Forest	Acres
Alta T - East A	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	114
Alta T - North	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	9,325
Angel Peak North	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	12,577
Arc Dome - Blank Mtn.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	3,662
Arc Dome - Mahogany	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,208
Arc Dome - Secret Bsn	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	74,782
Bald Mtn.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	41,598
Cave Creek	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	6,145
Chineese Camp (NV)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	15,207
Cottonwood	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	18,161
Currant - East Slope	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	10,101
Duck Creek Mtns.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	12,165
Grantsville	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	6,156
Jarbidge - Biroth Rdg	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,887
Jarbidge - Canyon Ck	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	3,258
Jarbidge - Slide Ck	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	752
Jarbidge - West Fork	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,725
Jobs Peak (NV)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	1,342
Lovell Summit South	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	28,455
Mcaffie	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	26,110
Mt. Ardivey	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	37,984
Mystic (NV)	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	5,644
Pearl Peak	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	71,405
Pine Grove South	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	88,945
Pine Mtn.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	12,519
Red Mountain	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	30,242
Rose - Davis Mdw.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,361
Rose - Dutch Louie	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	363
Rose - Evans	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,782
Rose - Galena	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	3,711
Rose - Hunter Lk No	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	149
Rose - Northeast	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	550
Rose - Thomas Mdw.	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	358
Rose - Verdi	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	1,155
Rose - Whites Canyon	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,568
Ruby - Lamoille Cyn	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	32,771
Ruby - Marsh	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	10,164
Ruby - South	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	13,195
Ruby - Thompson	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	5,289
Santa Rosa	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	54,555
Shellback	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	36,455
Snake - Big Wash	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	4,146
Snake - Can Young N	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	336
Snake - Chokecherry	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	30,845
Snake - Peacock Cyn	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	1,069
South Schell	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	125,614
Stirling - Jaybird	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	2,468
Table Mtn. - East	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	87,789
Wildhorse	Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest	11,204

New Hampshire (11)

Area	Forest	Acres
Carr Mountain	White Mountain National Forest	17,110
Dartmouth Range	White Mountain National Forest	9,233
Great Gulf Ext.	White Mountain National Forest	15,110
Jobildunk	White Mountain National Forest	3,660
Kinsman Mountain	White Mountain National Forest	8,999
Mt. Wolf - Gordon Pond	White Mountain National Forest	11,846
Pemigewasset	White Mountain National Forest	32,255
Pemigewasset Ext	White Mountain National Forest	15,840
Presidential - Dry River Ext	White Mountain National Forest	10,555
Sandwich Range	White Mountain National Forest	16,797
Wild River	White Mountain National Forest	46,878

New Mexico (44)

Area	Forest	Acres
Apache Kid Contiguous	Cibola National Forest	67,542
Arroyo de los Frijoles	Santa Fe National Forest	5,277
Aspen Mountain	Gila National Forest	23,784
Black Canyon	Santa Fe National Forest	1,922
Bull Canyon	Carson National Forest	11,512
Caja	Santa Fe National Forest	5,304
Canada Bonito RNA	Santa Fe National Forest	487
Candian River	Cibola National Forest	7,149
Capitan Mountains	Lincoln National Forest	14,069
Chama WS River	Santa Fe National Forest	4,168
Columbine - Hondo Wilderness Study Area	Carson National Forest	43,739
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold Wilderness	Gila National Forest	111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive Area	Gila National Forest	79,049
Devils Creek	Gila National Forest	89,916
Frisco Box	Gila National Forest	38,979
Gila Box	Gila National Forest	23,759
Grass Mountain	Santa Fe National Forest	3,254
Guaje Canyon	Santa Fe National Forest	6,104
Holy Ghost	Santa Fe National Forest	2,352
Jacks Creek	Santa Fe National Forest	740
Juan de Gabaldon Grant	Santa Fe National Forest	8,023
Last Chance Canyon	Lincoln National Forest	8,934
Latir Peak	Carson National Forest	3,573
Little Tesuque	Santa Fe National Forest	815
Meadow Creek	Gila National Forest	34,167
Nichols Reservoir	Santa Fe National Forest	1,518
Nolan	Gila National Forest	13,051
Ortega Peak	Lincoln National Forest	11,545
Oso Vallecitos	Santa Fe National Forest	1,116
Pacheco Canyon	Santa Fe National Forest	1,012
Pecos	Carson National Forest	13,436
Pecos WS River	Santa Fe National Forest	5,396
Pueblo Mesa	Santa Fe National Forest	3,540
Rendija	Santa Fe National Forest	2,176
Ryan Hill	Cibola National Forest	34,201
San Jose	Cibola National Forest	16,950
San Pedro Parks	Santa Fe National Forest	5,824
Sawyers Peak	Gila National Forest	59,743
South Guadalupe Mountains	Lincoln National Forest	20,930
Tesuque Creek	Santa Fe National Forest	810
Thompson Peak	Santa Fe National Forest	33,001
Virgin Canyon	Santa Fe National Forest	6,068
Wagon Tongue	Gila National Forest	11,411
West Face Sacramento Mountains	Lincoln National Forest	41,176

North Carolina (15)

Area	Forest	Acres
Balsam Cone	Pisgah National Forest	10,591
Bearwallow	Pisgah National Forest	4,113
Cheoah Bald	Nantahala National Forest	7,795
Chunky Gal (addition)	Nantahala National Forest	3,336
Craggy Mountain	Pisgah National Forest	2,657
Graveyard Ridge (addition)	Pisgah National Forest	1,958
Harper Creek	Pisgah National Forest	7,325
Laurel Mountain	Pisgah National Forest	5,683
Lost Cove	Pisgah National Forest	5,944
Pond Pine B	Croatan National Forest	2,961
Sam Knob (addition)	Pisgah National Forest	2,576
Snowbird	Nantahala National Forest	8,489
South Mills River	Pisgah National Forest	8,588
Tusquitee Bald	Nantahala National Forest	13,670
Woods Mountain	Pisgah National Forest	9,602

North Dakota (3)

Area	Forest	Acres
Lone Butte	Dakota Prairie Grasslands	11,465
Long X Divide	Dakota Prairie Grasslands	10,099
Wannagan	Dakota Prairie Grasslands	6,026

Oregon (62)

Area	Forest	Acres
Badger Creek	Mt. Hood National Forest	847
Bearwallows	Deschutes National Forest	7,317
Beaver Creek	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	12,973
Bend Watershed	Deschutes National Forest	14,829
Boulder Park	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	12,141
Brattain Butte	Fremont National Forest	5,959
Bull Of The Woods	Mt. Hood National Forest	8,843
Castle Ridge	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	8,377
Crane Mountain	Fremont National Forest	23,096
Eagle	Mt. Hood National Forest	16,841
Fairview	Umpqua National Forest	7,417
Gordon Meadows	Willamette National Forest	9,463
Grande Ronde	Umatilla National Forest	12,296
Greenhorn Mountain	Malheur National Forest	15,936
Greenhorn Mtn.	Umatilla National Forest	11,191
Hebo 1a	Siuslaw National Forest	13,930
Hellhole	Umatilla National Forest	65,679
Homestead	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	5,817
Huckleberry	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	11,238
Hurricane Creek	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	1,606
Imnaha Face	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	29,575
Jaussaud Corral	Umatilla National Forest	5,535
Lake	Mt. Hood National Forest	1,327
Larch	Mt. Hood National Forest	12,961
Limpy Rock	Umpqua National Forest	6,782
Little Eagle Meadows	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	6,984
Little Sheep	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	5,238
Lord Flat Somers Point	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	67,738
Maiden Peak	Willamette National Forest	9,627
Maiden Peak	Deschutes National Forest	26,432
Marble Point	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	6,874
Mcclellan Mountain	Malheur National Forest	21,213
Menagerie (rooster Rock)	Willamette National Forest	374
Metolius Breaks	Deschutes National Forest	11,141
Mill Creek Watershed (OR)	Umatilla National Forest	7,820
Mt. Jefferson	Deschutes National Forest	2,282
Mt. Bailey	Umpqua National Forest	18,401
Mt. Hood Additions	Mt. Hood National Forest	13,061
Mt. Thielsen	Winema National Forest	1,153
North Mt. Emily	Umatilla National Forest	4,416
North Paulina	Deschutes National Forest	19,670
Olallie	Mt. Hood National Forest	7,607
Roaring River	Mt. Hood National Forest	27,316
Roaring River	Willamette National Forest	2,128
Salmon - Huckleberry	Mt. Hood National Forest	17,570
Sheep Divide	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	16,201
Sky Lakes A	Winema National Forest	3,940
Snake River	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	31,229
South Kalmiopsis	Siskiyou National Forests	104,477
South Paulina	Deschutes National Forest	9,074
Tahkenitch	Siuslaw National Forest	5,799
Tenmile	Siuslaw National Forest	10,818
Twin Mountain	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	58,533
Umpqua Spit	Siuslaw National Forest	2,090
Upper Catherine Creek	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	6,446
Upper Grande Ronde	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest	11,723
W. Boundary	Winema National Forest	2,345
Waldo - Fuji	Willamette National Forest	15,273
Waldo - Lake	Willamette National Forest	2,993
Walla Walla River	Umatilla National Forest	34,416
West - South Bachelor	Deschutes National Forest	25,994
Woahink	Siuslaw National Forest	5,309

Pennsylvania (3)

Area	Forest	Acres
Allegheny Front	Allegheny National Forest	7,430
Hearts Content	Allegheny National Forest	221
Minister Valley	Allegheny National Forest	1,417

South Dakota (1)

Area	Forest	Acres
Indian Creek	Buffalo Gap National Grassland	24,666

Tennessee (3)

Area	Forest	Acres
Sampson Mountain Addition	Cherokee National Forest	3,064
Stone Mountain	Cherokee National Forest	5,367
Sycamore Creek	Cherokee National Forest	6,984

Texas (2)

Area	Forest	Acres
Big Creek	National Forests in Texas	1,447
Little Lake Creek	National Forests in Texas	596

Utah (78)

Area	Forest	Acres
0401001	Ashley National Forest	11,705
0401002	Ashley National Forest	36,113
0401005	Ashley National Forest	38,930
0401007	Ashley National Forest	16,483
0401024	Ashley National Forest	12,882
0401030	Ashley National Forest	531
0401031	Ashley National Forest	7,110
0419020	Ashley National Forest	355,684
418007	Uinta National Forest	6,816
418012	Uinta National Forest	25,758
418014	Uinta National Forest	9,683
418015	Uinta National Forest	17,289
418016	Uinta National Forest	35,240
418017	Uinta National Forest	19,631
418021	Uinta National Forest	6,255
418024	Uinta National Forest	51,699
418025	Uinta National Forest	32,698
418026	Uinta National Forest	14,038
418027	Uinta National Forest	13,884
418028	Uinta National Forest	34,002
418029	Uinta National Forest	15,673
418037	Uinta National Forest	9,694
418040	Uinta National Forest	1,702
Beehive Peak	Fishlake National Forest	59,137
Boulder Mountain	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	8,852
Boulder Mtn. / Boulder Top / Deer Lake	Dixie National Forest	110,690
Bunker Creek	Dixie National Forest	7,474
Burch Creek	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	6,938
Capital Reef	Dixie National Forest	763
Casto Bluff	Dixie National Forest	87,466
Circleville Mountain	Fishlake National Forest	24,142
City Creek	Fishlake National Forest	13,939
Clarkston Mtn.	Caribou National Forest	7,099
Cottonwood	Dixie National Forest	6,754
East Mountain	Manti-Lasal National Forest	30,705
Fishhook	Dixie National Forest	12,959
Fishlake Mountain	Fishlake National Forest	25,217
Flat Canyon	Fishlake National Forest	8,663
Gibson	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	5,350
Hancock	Dixie National Forest	9,809
Happy Valley	Dixie National Forest	14,458
High Uintas (UT)	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	102,398
Hilgard Mountain	Fishlake National Forest	28,389
Joe Lott	Fishlake National Forest	19,826
Lakes	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	121,967
Lava Beds	Dixie National Forest	14,944
Lewis Peak	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	11,616
Lone Peak Contiguous	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	874
Long Neck Mesa / Steep Creek / Oak Creek - Steep Creek / Oak	Dixie National Forest	55,489
Mahogany Range	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	11,409
Middle Francis	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	3,296
Mollens Hollow	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	17,690
Mt. Aire	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	9,681
Mt. Logan North	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	18,930
Mt. Logan South	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	17,014
Mt. Logan West	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	5,285
Mt. Naomi	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	41,922
Mt. Olympus	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	9,982
Muddy Creek - Nelson Mt.	Manti-Lasal National Forest	59,034
Musinia Peak	Fishlake National Forest	6,746
New Home Bench	Dixie National Forest	10,513
North Francis	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	8,148
North Pavant	Fishlake National Forest	53,262
Oak Creek	Fishlake National Forest	54,053
Pavant	Fishlake National Forest	42,560
Pine Valley Mountains	Dixie National Forest	57,673
Red Canyon North	Dixie National Forest	9,973
Right Hand Fork Logan	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	15,023
Sanpitch	Manti-Lasal National Forest	29,129
South Francis	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	3,374
Stansbury Mountains	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	39,696
Stump Creek	Caribou National Forest	355
Temple Peak	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	24,081
Thousand Lake Mountain	Fishlake National Forest	27,267
Twin Peaks	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	6,157
Wellsville	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	1,717
White Mountain	Fishlake National Forest	23,939
White Pine	Wasatch-Cache National Forest	1,942

Vermont (2)

Area	Forest	Acres
Bread Loaf	Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests	1,768
Griffith Lake 09084	Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests	1,833

Virginia (22)

Area	Forest	Acres
Adams Peak	George Washington National Forest	7,135
Bear Creek	Jefferson National Forest	18,274
Beards Mountain	George Washington National Forest	7,505
Broad Run	Jefferson National Forest	10,971
Brush Mountain	Jefferson National Forest	6,002
Jerkemtight	George Washington National Forest	16,687
Kelley Mountain	George Washington National Forest	7,590
Little River	George Washington National Forest	27,292
Mill Mountain	George Washington National Forest	10,840
Mountain Lake Addition A	Jefferson National Forest	1,469
Mt. Pleasant	George Washington National Forest	8,933
New London Bridge Branch	Jefferson National Forest	844
North Mountain	Jefferson National Forest	8,377
Northern Massanutten	George Washington National Forest	9,444
Oak Knob	George Washington National Forest	10,882
Peters Mountain Addition B	Jefferson National Forest	2,909
Raccoon Branch	Jefferson National Forest	4,388
Seng Mountain	Jefferson National Forest	6,428
Skidmore	George Washington National Forest	5,641
Southern Massanutten	George Washington National Forest	11,985
The Priest	George Washington National Forest	5,737
Three Ridges	George Washington National Forest	4,745

Washington (41)

Area	Forest	Acres
Alpine Lakes Adj.	Wenatchee National Forest	57,104
Big Lava Bed	Gifford Pinchot National Forest	19,043
Boulder River	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	32,563
Bourbon	Gifford Pinchot National Forest	4,512
Chelan	Wenatchee National Forest	74,650
Dry Canyon Breaks	Colville National Forest	4,821
Entiat	Wenatchee National Forest	72,617
Glacier Peak J	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	26,482
Glacier Peak K	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	47,269
Glacier Peak L	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	14,084
Goat Rocks Adj	Wenatchee National Forest	6,108
Granite Mountain	Okanogan National Forest	27,428
Grassy Top	Idaho Panhandle National Forests	13,485
Grassy Top	Colville National Forest	10,302
Higgins Mountain	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	13,185
Jefferson Ridge	Olympic National Forest	6,512
Jupiter Ridge	Olympic National Forest	10,148
Liberty Bell	Okanogan National Forest	108,495
Lightning	Olympic National Forest	7,179
Long Swamp	Okanogan National Forest	66,344
Mill Creek Watershed (WA)	Umatilla National Forest	16,747
Mt. Baker Ma	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	24,847
Mt. Baker Noisy - Diobsud	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	56,039
Mt. Baker North	Mt Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest	16,873
Mt. Baldy	Olympic National Forest	3,557
Myrtle Lake	Wenatchee National Forest	11,133
Norse Peak	Wenatchee National Forest	10,169
Pasayten Rim	Okanogan National Forest	17,074
Pompey	Gifford Pinchot National Forest	23,985
Quilcene	Olympic National Forest	18,656
Rock Creek	Wenatchee National Forest	32,239
Rugged Ridge	Olympic National Forest	4,358
Salmo - Priest B	Colville National Forest	11,869
Sawtooth	Okanogan National Forest	122,194
Slide Ridge	Wenatchee National Forest	11,430
South Quinault	Olympic National Forest	11,081
Taneum	Wenatchee National Forest	26,140
Teanaway	Wenatchee National Forest	72,849
Thorp Mtn.	Wenatchee National Forest	22,717
Tiffany	Okanogan National Forest	22,045
White Pass	Gifford Pinchot National Forest	1,145

West Virginia (12)

Area	Forest	Acres
Canaan Loop	Monongahela National Forest	7,867
Cranberry Addition	Monongahela National Forest	11,123
Cranberry Glades Botanical Area	Monongahela National Forest	785
Dolly Sods Roaring Plain	Monongahela National Forest	13,392
Dry River (WV)	George Washington National Forest	7,331
Falls Of Hills Creek	Monongahela National Forest	6,925
Glady Fork	Monongahela National Forest	3,239
Little Mountain	Monongahela National Forest	8,172
Mcgowan Mountain	Monongahela National Forest	10,504
Middle Mountain	Monongahela National Forest	19,020
Seneca Creek	Monongahela National Forest	22,287
Tea Creek Mountain	Monongahela National Forest	8,295

Wyoming (45)

Area	Forest	Acres
0401035	Ashley National Forest	5,465
0401036	Ashley National Forest	6,309
Battle Creek	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	5,890
Beartooth Proposed Wilderness	Shoshone National Forest	16,837
Big Sandstone	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	7,180
Canyon Creek	Shoshone National Forest	7,530
Cloud Peak Contiguous	Bighorn National Forest	113,757
East Fork Encampment	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	7,445
Encampment River Addition	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	4,996
French Creek	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	5,928
Gannett Hills - Spring Creek	Bridger-Teton National Forest	45,462
Grayback Ridge	Bridger-Teton National Forest	295,113
Grommund Creek	Bighorn National Forest	12,089
Gros Ventre Mountains	Bridger-Teton National Forest	106,418
Horse Creek Mesa	Bighorn National Forest	77,808
Leigh Creek	Bighorn National Forest	19,180
Libby Flats	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	11,107
Little Bighorn	Bighorn National Forest	133,949
Middle Fork	Shoshone National Forest	51,772
Middle Fork	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	13,238
Munger Mountain	Bridger-Teton National Forest	12,827
Pacific Creek - Blackrock Creek	Bridger-Teton National Forest	24,658
Palisades	Targhee National Forest	1,121
Pass Creek	Shoshone National Forest	6,172
Phillips Ridge	Bridger-Teton National Forest	10,108
Reef	Shoshone National Forest	16,817
Rock Creek	Bighorn National Forest	48,657
Salt River Range	Bridger-Teton National Forest	235,661
Sheep Mountain	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	17,626
Sleeping Giant	Shoshone National Forest	5,176
Snowy Range	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	29,660
South Beartooth Highway	Shoshone National Forest	105,570
South Fork	Shoshone National Forest	64,903
South Wyoming Range	Bridger-Teton National Forest	85,776
Spread Creek - Gros Ventre River	Bridger-Teton National Forest	166,097
Strawberry Creek	Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest	5,880
Sulphur Creek	Shoshone National Forest	30,221
Teton Corridor Trailheads	Bridger-Teton National Forest	286
Walker Prairie	Bighorn National Forest	62,434
Wapiti Valley North	Shoshone National Forest	18,345
Wapiti Valley South	Shoshone National Forest	43,517
West Slope Tetons	Targhee National Forest	47,448
West Slope Winds	Bridger-Teton National Forest	143,252
Wilderness Study Area	Targhee National Forest	51,961
Windy Mountain	Shoshone National Forest	31,283

References (25)

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Turdus migratorius

Description

Habitat

Ecology

Reproduction

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