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Home/Species/ Say's Phoebe

Sayornis saya

(Bonaparte, 1825)

Say's Phoebe

G5Secure Found in 198 roadless areas NatureServe Explorer →
G5SecureGlobal Rank
Least concernIUCN
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100085
Element CodeABPAE35030
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVertebrate Animal
IUCNLeast concern
Endemicoccurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumCraniata
ClassAves
OrderPasseriformes
FamilyTyrannidae
GenusSayornis
Other Common Names
Moucherolle à ventre roux (FR) Papamoscas Llanero (ES) Say's phoebe (EN)
Concept Reference
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in The Auk]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
Conservation Status
Rank MethodExpertise without calculation
Review Date2016-04-09
Change Date1996-12-02
Range Extent Comments
BREEDING: Alaska, central Yukon, western Mackenzie, central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southwestern Manitoba, south to central Mexico. NON-BREEDING: northern California, northern Arizona, New Mexico, southern Texas, south to Baja California and south-central mainland of Mexico (Terres 1980).
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

Arid open country, deserts, sagebrush plains, dry barren foothills, canyons, and cliffs, around ranches, rural homes. In far north inhabits tundra and shrub tundra. Nests in cliff crevices, holes in banks, sheltered ledges, tree cavities. Also nests under bridges, in mines, under roofs, etc.

Reproduction

Clutch size is 3-7 (usually 4-5). Incubation, by female, lasts 12-14 days. Altricial, downy young are tended by both parents, leave nest in about 14 days. Male may tend first brood while female renests.
Terrestrial Habitats
Shrubland/chaparralSavannaGrassland/herbaceousDesertAlpineTundraCliffCropland/hedgerowSuburban/orchard
Palustrine Habitats
Riparian
Other Nations (2)
CanadaN5B
ProvinceRankNative
SaskatchewanS4BYes
ManitobaS3BYes
Northwest TerritoriesSUYes
British ColumbiaS4BYes
Yukon TerritoryS5BYes
NunavutSUBYes
AlbertaS4BYes
United StatesN4N,N5B
ProvinceRankNative
South DakotaS4BYes
OklahomaS3BYes
CaliforniaSNRYes
MontanaS5BYes
AlaskaS5BYes
NevadaS5Yes
KansasS4BYes
NebraskaS4Yes
IdahoS5BYes
Navajo NationS5B,S3NYes
North DakotaSNRBYes
OregonS4Yes
WashingtonS5BYes
IowaS2B,S3NYes
ColoradoS5BYes
WyomingS5B,S5NYes
UtahS4B,S3NYes
New MexicoS4B,S4NYes
ArizonaS5Yes
TexasS4BYes
Roadless Areas (198)
Arizona (26)
AreaForestAcres
Black CrossTonto National Forest5,966
Black River CanyonApache-Sitgreaves National Forests11,817
BoulderTonto National Forest40,359
Boulder CanyonCoconino National Forest4,554
Burro CanyonKaibab National Forest19,928
Butterfly Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest42,296
Catalina St. Pk. Roadless AreaCoronado National Forest951
ChiricahuaCoronado National Forest76,876
Coconino RimKaibab National Forest7,213
GaliuroCoronado National Forest28,333
GoldfieldTonto National Forest15,257
Grief HillPrescott National Forest12,535
HackberryCoconino National Forest17,885
Hell HoleApache-Sitgreaves National Forests15,512
Hot AirApache-Sitgreaves National Forests31,712
Lower San FranciscoApache-Sitgreaves National Forests59,310
MazatzalTonto National Forest16,942
Middle Dragoon RoadlessCoronado National Forest10,543
Middle Romero WSRCoronado National Forest60
Oracle RoadlessCoronado National Forest22,365
PinalenoCoronado National Forest130,920
PipestemApache-Sitgreaves National Forests34,598
Santa RitaCoronado National Forest6,078
Santa TeresaCoronado National Forest8,929
TumacacoriCoronado National Forest44,594
WhetstoneCoronado National Forest20,728
California (67)
AreaForestAcres
AntimonyLos Padres National Forest40,911
Bald RockPlumas National Forest4,675
Birch CreekInyo National Forest28,816
Black CanyonInyo National Forest32,421
Boundary Peak (CA)Inyo National Forest210,884
Cactus Springs BSan Bernardino National Forest3,106
CajonSan Bernardino National Forest7,548
CalienteCleveland National Forest5,953
Callahan FlowModoc National Forest6,618
Caples CreekEldorado National Forest17,854
ChannellSequoia National Forest45,429
ChicoSequoia National Forest39,836
Circle MountainSan Bernardino National Forest6,375
ColdwaterCleveland National Forest8,402
Crystal CreekSan Bernardino National Forest6,783
Cucamonga AAngeles National Forest1,249
Cucamonga CSan Bernardino National Forest4,106
Cutca ValleyCleveland National Forest14,530
Devil's Gate (CA)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,946
Dexter CanyonInyo National Forest17,053
Dobie FlatModoc National Forest15,079
Domeland Add.Sequoia National Forest3,046
Dry LakesLos Padres National Forest17,043
Eagle PeakCleveland National Forest6,481
Excelsior (CA)Inyo National Forest45,607
FalesHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest9,138
Fish CanyonAngeles National Forest29,886
Fox MountainLos Padres National Forest52,072
Glass MountainInyo National Forest52,867
Granite PeakSan Bernardino National Forest450
Greenhorn CreekSequoia National Forest28,226
Horse Creek RidgeSan Bernardino National Forest8,969
Horse Mdw.Inyo National Forest5,687
HortonInyo National Forest5,717
IshiLassen National Forest21,805
La BreaLos Padres National Forest14,031
LaddCleveland National Forest5,300
LavasModoc National Forest25,864
Log Cabin SaddlebagInyo National Forest15,165
Lpoor CanyonLos Padres National Forest13,762
Magic MountainAngeles National Forest15,542
Malduce BuckhornLos Padres National Forest14,177
ManzanaLos Padres National Forest2,101
Mill PeakSan Bernardino National Forest7,884
Mono CratersInyo National Forest7,115
Mt. JacksonHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest20,721
NordhoffLos Padres National Forest12,031
PaiuteInyo National Forest58,712
Pyramid Peak BSan Bernardino National Forest7,194
Red MountainAngeles National Forest8,034
Rock Creek WestInyo National Forest3,626
Rouse HillSan Bernardino National Forest13,745
San SevaineSan Bernardino National Forest6,866
Santa CruzLos Padres National Forest21,182
Sawmill - BadlandsLos Padres National Forest51,362
ScodiesSequoia National Forest725
Sespe - FrazierAngeles National Forest4,254
Sespe - FrazierLos Padres National Forest106,910
SoliderSix Rivers National Forest14,918
SugarloafSan Bernardino National Forest8,206
TequepisLos Padres National Forest9,080
Wheeler RidgeInyo National Forest15,744
White LedgeLos Padres National Forest18,632
WildhorseCleveland National Forest1,483
Wonoga Pk.Inyo National Forest11,272
WoodpeckerSequoia National Forest11,936
WoolstaffSequoia National Forest41,445
Colorado (2)
AreaForestAcres
Dome PeakRoutt NF35,716
HermosaSan Juan NF148,103
Idaho (5)
AreaForestAcres
Bear CreekCaribou-Targhee National Forest118,582
HoodooNez Perce-Clearwater National Forest153,868
Italian PeakCaribou-Targhee National Forest141,158
Pioneer MountainsSawtooth National Forest119,563
Pioneer MountainsSalmon-Challis National Forest172,460
Montana (7)
AreaForestAcres
Big Horn MountainBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest50,846
Cube Iron - SilcoxLolo National Forest36,998
Freezeout MountainBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest97,305
Mt. Gmt Area HCuster National Forest1,335
North AbsarokaCuster National Forest21,063
Stony MountainBitterroot National Forest44,057
West Big HoleBeaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest133,563
Nevada (14)
AreaForestAcres
Bald Mtn.Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest41,598
Boundary Peak (NV)Inyo National Forest21,851
Chineese Camp (NV)Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,207
Long ValleyHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest50,472
Lovell Summit SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest28,455
Mt. HicksHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest15,698
Pine Grove SouthHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest88,945
PotosiHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest5,145
Rose - EvansHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,782
Rose - GalenaHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest3,711
Santa RosaHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest54,555
ShellbackHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest36,455
Snake - Big WashHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest4,146
South SchellHumboldt-Toiyabe National Forest125,614
New Mexico (28)
AreaForestAcres
Alamo CanyonSanta Fe National Forest8,639
Apache Kid ContiguousCibola National Forest67,542
Arroyo de los FrijolesSanta Fe National Forest5,277
Bull CanyonCarson National Forest11,512
Candian RiverCibola National Forest7,149
Chama WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest4,168
Contiguous To Black & Aldo Leopold WildernessGila National Forest111,883
Contiguous To Gila Wilderness & Primitive AreaGila National Forest79,049
Devils CreekGila National Forest89,916
El InviernoSanta Fe National Forest29,927
Gila BoxGila National Forest23,759
Holy GhostSanta Fe National Forest2,352
Jefferies CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
Last Chance CanyonLincoln National Forest8,934
LemitasSanta Fe National Forest8,129
Lower San FranciscoGila National Forest26,460
Meadow CreekGila National Forest34,167
Nichols ReservoirSanta Fe National Forest1,518
Ortega PeakLincoln National Forest11,545
Pecos WS RiverSanta Fe National Forest5,396
Peloncillo (NM)Coronado National Forest43,339
Ryan HillCibola National Forest34,201
Sawyers PeakGila National Forest59,743
South Guadalupe MountainsLincoln National Forest20,930
Taylor CreekGila National Forest16,639
Thompson PeakSanta Fe National Forest33,001
Virgin CanyonSanta Fe National Forest6,068
West Face Sacramento MountainsLincoln National Forest41,176
North Dakota (4)
AreaForestAcres
Bullion ButteDakota Prairie Grasslands19,877
Dawsons WaterholeDakota Prairie Grasslands6,087
Kinley PlateauDakota Prairie Grasslands16,900
Long X DivideDakota Prairie Grasslands10,099
Oregon (12)
AreaForestAcres
BuckhornWallowa-Whitman National Forest17,180
Cook RidgeWallowa-Whitman National Forest19,617
HellholeUmatilla National Forest65,679
HomesteadWallowa-Whitman National Forest5,817
Imnaha FaceWallowa-Whitman National Forest29,575
Lord Flat Somers PointWallowa-Whitman National Forest67,738
Mountain SheepWallowa-Whitman National Forest19,457
North PaulinaDeschutes National Forest19,670
Roaring RiverMt. Hood National Forest27,316
Sheep DivideWallowa-Whitman National Forest16,201
Snake RiverWallowa-Whitman National Forest31,229
South PaulinaDeschutes National Forest9,074
South Dakota (1)
AreaForestAcres
Indian CreekBuffalo Gap National Grassland24,666
Texas (1)
AreaForestAcres
Big CreekNational Forests in Texas1,447
Utah (19)
AreaForestAcres
0419020Ashley National Forest355,684
418024Uinta National Forest51,699
418025Uinta National Forest32,698
Boulder Mtn. / Boulder Top / Deer LakeDixie National Forest110,690
Bull ValleyDixie National Forest10,911
Bunker CreekDixie National Forest7,474
Capital ReefDixie National Forest763
Casto BluffDixie National Forest87,466
Circleville MountainFishlake National Forest24,142
CottonwoodDixie National Forest6,754
FishhookDixie National Forest12,959
Long Neck Mesa / Steep Creek / Oak Creek - Steep Creek / OakDixie National Forest55,489
Moody WashDixie National Forest31,835
Oak CreekFishlake National Forest54,053
Pine Valley MountainsDixie National Forest57,673
Rock CanyonDixie National Forest16,457
Signal PeakFishlake National Forest30,889
Stoddard MountainDixie National Forest13,165
Wayne WonderlandFishlake National Forest12,395
Washington (8)
AreaForestAcres
Alpine Lakes Adj.Wenatchee National Forest57,104
Black CanyonOkanogan National Forest9,681
ChelanWenatchee National Forest74,650
Granite MountainOkanogan National Forest27,428
Liberty BellOkanogan National Forest108,495
Pasayten RimOkanogan National Forest17,074
SawtoothOkanogan National Forest122,194
Slide RidgeWenatchee National Forest11,430
Wyoming (4)
AreaForestAcres
Cloud Peak ContiguousBighorn National Forest113,757
Piney CreekBighorn National Forest22,240
Rock CreekBighorn National Forest48,657
South Beartooth HighwayShoshone National Forest105,570
References (19)
  1. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.
  2. Balda, R. P., and G. C. Bateman. 1971. Flocking and annual cycle of the piñon jay, <i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i>. Condor 73:287-302.
  3. BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  4. Bureau of Land Management. Life History Summaries.
  5. Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.
  6. Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird. Ecology 49:682-694.
  7. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  8. Ligon, J. D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico. Condor 73:147-153.
  9. Mitchell, W. A. 1988. Songbird nest boxes. Section 5.1.8, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. Tech. Rep. EL-88-19. Waterways Expt. Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 48 pp.
  10. Moore, W. S., and R. A. Dolbeer. 1989. The use of banding recovery data to estimate dispersal rates and gene flow in avian species: case studies in the Red-winged Blackbird and Common Grackle. Condor 91:242-253.
  11. Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996. Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  12. Peterson, R.T. 1990b. A field guide to western birds. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
  13. Rappole, J.H., Morton, E.S., Lovejoy, T.E. and Ruos, J.L. 1983. Nearctic avian migrants in the Neotropics. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service and World Wildlife Fund, Washington D.C.
  14. Scott, S. L. 1983. Field guide to the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.
  15. Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (<i>Cyanocitta cristata</i>). No. 469 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 32pp.
  16. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  17. Thompson, F. R., III. 1994. Temporal and spatial patterns of breeding brown-headed cowbirds in the midwestern United States. Auk 111:979-990.
  18. Williams, L. 1952b. Breeding behavior of the Brewer blackbird. Condor 54:3-47.
  19. Willson, M. F. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Yellow-headed Blackbird. Ecological Monographs 36:51-77.